Evaluation of the global impacts of mitigation on persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic pollutants in marine fish.
Evaluation of the global impacts of mitigation on persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic pollutants in marine fish.
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作者：
Bonito LT;Hamdoun A;Sandin SA
尽管对持久性、生物蓄积性和有毒污染物（pbt）进行了充分的研究，但它们在全球范围内的分布和变异性在很大程度上是未知的，特别是在海洋鱼类中。从1969年至2012年的同行评议文献中收集了2662项测量数据，研究了五类PBTs的变异性，考虑了地理、栖息地和营养水平对观测浓度的影响。虽然我们在一些多氯联苯（氯丹、多氯联苯）中看到了大规模的空间格局，但除汞外，生境类型和营养水平对格局没有显著影响。我们进一步研究了PBT浓度随采样年的变化模式。随着时间的推移，所有PBT的浓度水平都显著下降，在PBT组中每十年下降15-30%。尽管有一致的证据表明，污染物浓度的变化仍然很高，表明消费者持续接触污染物水平超过EPA筛选值的鱼类的风险。时间趋势表明，减缓方案是有效的，但全球水平下降缓慢。为了使监测工作提供更有针对性的PBT暴露风险评估，这些数据突出了迫切需要改进海洋鱼类污染物监测方案的复制和标准化。
Although persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic pollutants (PBTs) are well-studied individually, their distribution and variability on a global scale are largely unknown, particularly in marine fish. Using 2,662 measurements collected from peer-reviewed literature spanning 1969–2012, we examined variability of five classes of PBTs, considering effects of geography, habitat, and trophic level on observed concentrations. While we see large-scale spatial patterning in some PBTs (chlordanes, polychlorinated biphenyls), habitat type and trophic level did not contribute to significant patterning, with the exception of mercury. We further examined patterns of change in PBT concentration as a function of sampling year. All PBTs showed significant declines in concentration levels through time, ranging from 15–30% reduction per decade across PBT groups. Despite consistent evidence of reductions, variation in pollutant concentration remains high, indicating ongoing consumer risk of exposure to fish with pollutant levels exceeding EPA screening values. The temporal trends indicate that mitigation programs are effective, but that global levels decline slowly. In order for monitoring efforts to provide more targeted assessments of risk to PBT exposure, these data highlight an urgent need for improved replication and standardization of pollutant monitoring protocols for marine finfish.