Acquisition of matching - to - sample performances in severe retardation: learning by exclusion.
Acquisition of matching - to - sample performances in severe retardation: learning by exclusion.
复制标题
在严重发育迟缓的情况下获得与样本匹配的表现：通过排除学习。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2788.1981.tb00091.x
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Stoddard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. McIlvane;T. Stoddard
在一个深度弱智的哑巴年轻人中，研究者通过口头语言检查了即时辨别控制。当食物名称以与样本匹配的形式被说出时，受试者学会了从两个选择显示器中选择食物。然后，一种新的食物作为一种选择，一个新的名字是样本。受试者根据第一次出现的新名称选择新食物。受试者似乎拒绝或“排除”了作为另一种选择的经过训练的食物。这种“排除”性能是用16种新食物和新名称中的14种准确地获得的。随后的测试表明，受试者在经历了强化排除试验之后，已经学会了所有新食物和新名称之间的关系。这种方法在图片上也很成功。先决条件的基线训练可能是至关重要的，特别是以前训练过的名字的差异听觉控制。该程序系统地复制了以前的研究排除范式，并建议一个潜在的无错误的，有效的教学方法，为个人没有功能性语言。
Immediate discriminative control by spoken words was examined in a profoundly retarded, mute young man. The subject learned to select food items from a two-choice display when the food names were spoken, in a matching-to-sample format. Then a new food was presented as one choice, and a novel name was the sample. The subject selected the new food in response to the first presentation of the novel name. It appeared that the subject rejected or "excluded" the trained food which was the other alternative. This "exclusion" performance was obtained errorlessly with fourteen of sixteen new foods and novel names. Subsequent test suggested that the subject had learned the relations between all the new foods and novel names, after a history of reinforced exclusion trials. The method also proved successful with pictures. Prerequisite baseline training may have been critical, particularly differential auditory control by previously trained names. The procedures systematically replicated previous research on the exclusion paradigm, and suggested a potentially errorless, efficient teaching method for individuals without functional language.