Health and social justice.
Health and social justice.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17064-5
复制
发表时间：
2004-09-18
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
Ruger, JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ruger, JP
这种以人的能力为中心的推理思路，与医疗保健因其对机会平等的影响而具有特殊意义的观点形成了鲜明对比。它也不同于功利主义的观点，即医疗保健对于最大限度地发挥效用很重要，也不同于注重保证正当程序的程序性观点。这些方法之间的区别源于这些理论所支持的不同焦点。能力描述了个人能够做什么和成为什么，提供了一种追求他们有理由珍视的生活的自由的现实意义。因此，社会在道德上有义务重视避免或改善身体机能的丧失，即使一个人的主观效用评估很高，即使就业机会仍然有可能。简而言之，一个人的工作能力，而不是快乐或就业机会，应该成为评估公共政策的标准。
This line of reasoning—focusing on human capability—contrasts with the idea that health care is special because of its impact on equality of opportunity. 6 It also differs from the utilitarian view that health care is important for maximising the sum total of utilities and from procedural views that focus on guaranteed due process. The distinction between these approaches is rooted in the different points of focus that these theories support. Capability describes what individuals are able to do and be, offering a realistic sense of their freedom to pursue the lives they have reason to value. Thus, society is morally obligated to attach importance to averting or ameliorating loss in physical functioning even if a person’s subjective utility assessment is quite high and even if opportunity of employment is still possible. In short, a person’s ability to function, rather than to be happy or to have employment opportunities, should be the gauge for assessing public policy.