Nutrition in transition: The changing global nutrition challenge
Nutrition in transition: The changing global nutrition challenge
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1440-6047.2001.00211.x
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Popkin, BM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Popkin, BM
在发展中国家，营养阶段向退行性疾病模式的快速转变正在加速。中国的数据，如中国健康与营养调查所示，1989年至1993年。是这些转变的例证。例如，成年人食用高脂肪饮食的比例从22.8%增加到66.6%，随着收入的变化，污垢结构的快速变化，以及重要的价格关系ART：列举了这些例子。这似乎反映了饮食偏好的基本转变，这主要是由收入的变化引起的。价格和食品的可获得性，也受到现代食品行业和大众媒体的影响。此外，低收入国家的职业结构从农业劳动力向制造业和服务业就业的显著转变意味着能源支出的减少。营养转型的一个后果是营养不良的减少伴随着肥胖症的迅速增加。城市和农村的饮食模式有明显的差异，特别是在外出准备食物的消费方面。其他被考虑的问题是胎儿起源假说，根据该假说，在胎儿营养不良的情况下发挥良好作用的代谢效率在营养过剩时变得不适应。导致血脂异常的发展。葡萄糖和胰岛素代谢改变与肥胖。此外，肥胖和运动与成人糖尿病密切相关。向高脂肪、高肉类、低碳水化合物和低纤维饮食的转变，以及向不那么繁重的体力活动的转变，都会带来不必要的营养和健康影响。同样清楚的是，肥胖的原因必须被视为环境原因，而不是个人或遗传因素。
The rapid shift in the stage of nutrition towards a pattern of degenerative disease is accelerating in the developing world. Data from China, as shown by the China Health and Nutrition Survey, between 1989 and 1993. are illustrative of these shifts. For example, an increase from 22.8 to 66.6% in the proportion of adults consuming a higher-fat diet, rapid shifts in the structure of dirt as income changes, and important price relationships art: examples that are presented. There appears to reflect a basic shift in eating preferences, induced mainly by shifts in income. prices and food availability, but also by the modern food industry and the mass media. Furthermore, the remarkable shift in the occupations structure in lower-income countries from agricultural labour towards employment in manufacturing and services implies a reduction in energy expenditure. One consequence of the nutrition transition has been a decline in undernutrition accompanied by a rapid increase in obesity. There are marked differences between urban and rural eating patterns, particularly regarding the consumption of food prepared away from home. Other issues considered are the fetal origins hypothesis, whereby the metabolic efficiencies that served well in conditions of fetal undernutrition become maladaptive with overnutrition. leading to the development of abnormal lipid profiles. altered glucose and insulin metabolism and obesity. Furthermore, obesity and activity are closely linked with adult-onset diabetes. The shift towards a diet higher in fat and meat and lower in carbohydrates and fibre, together with the shift towards less onerous physical activity, carries unwanted nutritional and health effects. it is also clear that the causes of obesity must be viewed as environmental rather than personal or genetic.