Observable Signatures of Stellar-mass Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei
Observable Signatures of Stellar-mass Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei
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DOI：
10.3847/2041-8213/acc103
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发表时间：
2023-03
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Tagawa;S. Kimura;Z. Haiman;R. Perna;I. Bartos
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作者：
H. Tagawa;S. Kimura;Z. Haiman;R. Perna;I. Bartos
由于引力拖曳和原位星星形成的作用，恒星质量黑洞（BH）被预言嵌入活动星系核（AGN）的盘中。然而，目前缺乏活动星系核盘嵌入黑洞的明确证据。在这里，作为可能的电磁签名，这些黑洞，我们调查爆发发射的冲击周围的布兰德福德Znajek喷气机从吸积黑洞在AGN磁盘。我们假设，大多数的高度超爱丁顿流到达BH，并产生一个强大的射流，射流产生反馈，关闭吸积，从而导致幕式耀斑。这些假设，虽然目前了解甚少，产生可观察到的结果，可以探测活动星系核嵌入黑洞的存在，以及吸积过程本身。他们预测爆发发射的特征是X射线波段的发光热发射和从红外到伽马射线波段的明亮宽带非热发射。耀斑的持续时间取决于黑洞与中心超大质量黑洞的距离r，当r = 0.01-1秒差距时，其持续时间在103-106秒之间变化。这种辐射可以通过当前和未来的红外、光学和X射线宽场调查以及对附近活动星系核的监测活动来发现。
Stellar-mass black holes (BHs) are predicted to be embedded in the disks of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) due to gravitational drag and in situ star formation. However, clear evidence for AGN disk-embedded BHs is currently lacking. Here, as possible electromagnetic signatures of these BHs, we investigate breakout emission from shocks emerging around Blandford–Znajek jets launched from accreting BHs in AGN disks. We assume that most of the highly super-Eddington flow reaches the BH and produces a strong jet, and the jet produces feedback that shuts off accretion and thus leads to episodic flaring. These assumptions, while poorly understood at present, yield observable consequences that can probe the presence of AGN-embedded BHs as well as the accretion process itself. They predict a breakout emission characterized by luminous thermal emission in the X-ray bands and bright broadband nonthermal emission from the infrared to the gamma-ray bands. The flare duration depends on the BH’s distance r from the central supermassive BH, varying between 103–106 s for r ∼ 0.01–1 pc. This emission can be discovered by current and future infrared, optical, and X-ray wide-field surveys and monitoring campaigns of nearby AGNs.