Cancer metastases: challenges and opportunities.
Cancer metastases: challenges and opportunities.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apsb.2015.07.005
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发表时间：
2015-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Guan X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guan X
癌症转移是癌症发病和死亡的主要原因，约占癌症死亡的90%。尽管多年来癌症生存率已显着提高，但这种提高主要归功于早期诊断和癌症生长抑制。由于多种因素的影响，癌症转移的治疗取得了有限的进展。目前针对癌症转移的治疗主要是化疗和放疗，尽管新一代抗癌药物（主要是生长因子的中和抗体和小分子激酶抑制剂）除了对癌症生长的影响外，确实对癌症转移也有影响。癌症转移始于转移细胞从原发肿瘤脱离、细胞通过血管/淋巴管移动到不同部位、细胞在远端部位沉降和生长。在此过程中，转移细胞经历脱离、迁移、侵袭和粘附。这四个重要的转移步骤相互关联，并受到多种生化事件和参数的影响。此外，众所周知，肿瘤微环境（如细胞外基质结构、生长因子、趋化因子、基质金属蛋白酶）在癌症转移中起着重要作用。转移过程和肿瘤微环境中涉及的生化事件和参数已成为预防和抑制转移的目标或可能成为潜在目标。本综述概述了这些转移的基本步骤、相关生化因素和干预目标。癌症转移是癌症发病和死亡的主要原因，约占癌症死亡的90%。由于多种因素的影响，癌症转移的治疗取得了有限的进展。本综述旨在概述转移过程和干预目标，重点关注癌细胞脱离、迁移、侵袭和粘附。希望这篇综述能为对癌症转移和干预感兴趣的读者提供线索。
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality, and accounts for about 90% of cancer deaths. Although cancer survival rate has been significantly improved over the years, the improvement is primarily due to early diagnosis and cancer growth inhibition. Limited progress has been made in the treatment of cancer metastasis due to various factors. Current treatments for cancer metastasis are mainly chemotherapy and radiotherapy, though the new generation anti-cancer drugs (predominantly neutralizing antibodies for growth factors and small molecule kinase inhibitors) do have the effects on cancer metastasis in addition to their effects on cancer growth. Cancer metastasis begins with detachment of metastatic cells from the primary tumor, travel of the cells to different sites through blood/lymphatic vessels, settlement and growth of the cells at a distal site. During the process, metastatic cells go through detachment, migration, invasion and adhesion. These four essential, metastatic steps are inter-related and affected by multi-biochemical events and parameters. Additionally, it is known that tumor microenvironment (such as extracellular matrix structure, growth factors, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases) plays a significant role in cancer metastasis. The biochemical events and parameters involved in the metastatic process and tumor microenvironment have been targeted or can be potential targets for metastasis prevention and inhibition. This review provides an overview of these metastasis essential steps, related biochemical factors, and targets for intervention. Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality, and accounts for about 90% of cancer deaths. Limited progress has been made in the treatment of cancer metastasis due to various factors. This review is aimed to provide an overview of the metastasis process and targets for intervention with a focus on cancer cell detachment, migration, invasion and adhesion. It is hoped that this review can serve as a lead for readers who are interested in cancer metastasis and intervention.