Mix and match color vision: Tuning spectral sensitivity by differential opsin gene expression in Lake Malawi Cichlids
Mix and match color vision: Tuning spectral sensitivity by differential opsin gene expression in Lake Malawi Cichlids
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2005.08.010
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发表时间：
2005-10-11
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Bowmaker, JK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parry, JWL;Carleton, KL;Bowmaker, JK
东非裂谷湖的慈鲷鱼以其多样性而闻名，并提供了一个独特的机会来研究快速进化的物种群中视觉系统的适应性变化[1，2]。由于颜色在配偶选择中起着重要作用[3-6]，视觉敏感度的差异可能会极大地影响甚至驱动慈鲷的物种形成。马拉维湖慈鲷栖息在岩石和沙子的栖息地有显着不同的锥光谱灵敏度（7，8]。通过显微分光光度法（MSP）的分离锥，视蛋白基因的测序，和重组色素的光谱分析相结合，我们已经建立了四种马拉维慈鲷的锥补充。MSP表明，这些物种中的每一个主要表达三种锥色素，尽管这些在物种之间不同，以提供三种光谱上不同的锥补体。此外，罕见的种群光谱不同的锥被发现。总共，七个光谱类被确定。这通过视蛋白基因测序、表达和体外重建得到证实。这些基因代表了在脊椎动物进化早期分化的四种主要类别的视锥视蛋白基因[9]。所有四个物种都具有长波敏感（LWS），三种光谱不同的绿色敏感（RH 2），蓝色敏感（SWS 2A），紫色敏感（SWS 2B）和紫外线敏感（SWS 1）视蛋白。然而，非洲慈鲷确定其光谱敏感性的差异表达主要只有三个可用的视锥细胞视蛋白基因。系统发育分析表明，所有percomorph鱼有类似的潜力。
Cichlid fish of the East African Rift Lakes are renowned for their diversity and offer a unique opportunity to study adaptive changes in the visual system in rapidly evolving species flocks [1, 2]. Since color plays a significant role in mate choice [3-6], differences in visual sensitivities could greatly influence and even drive speciation of cichlids. Lake Malawi cichlids inhabiting rock and sand habitats have significantly different cone spectral sensitivities (7, 8]. By combining microspectrophotometry (MSP) of isolated cones, sequencing of opsin genes, and spectral analysis of recombinant pigments, we have established the cone complements of four species of Malawi cichlids. MSP demonstrated that each of these species predominately expresses three cone pigments, although these differ between species to give three spectrally different cone complements. In addition, rare populations of spectrally distinct cones were found. In total, seven spectral classes were identified. This was confirmed by opsin gene sequencing, expression, and in vitro reconstitution. The genes represent the four major classes of cone opsin genes that diverged early in vertebrate evolution [9]. All four species possess a long-wave-sensitive (LWS), three spectrally distinct green-sensitive (RH2) a blue-sensitive (SWS2A), a violet-sensitive (SWS2B): and an ultraviolet-sensitive (SWS1) opsin. However, African cichlids determine their spectral sensitivity by differential expression of primarily only three of the seven available cone opsin genes. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that all percomorph fish have similar potential.