Sociodemographic and behavioral determinants of serum concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in a community highly exposed to aqueous film-forming foam contaminants in drinking water
Sociodemographic and behavioral determinants of serum concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in a community highly exposed to aqueous film-forming foam contaminants in drinking water
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.07.012
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Adgate, John L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barton, Kelsey E.;Starling, Anne P.;Adgate, John L.
背景：全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质因其独特的物理化学性质而被广泛应用于工业和商业领域。2013至2016年间，在科罗拉多州埃尔帕索县的公共供水系统和私人水井中检测到了全氟辛烷磺酸。污染可能是由于附近空军基地使用的水成膜泡沫造成的。目的：横断面描述高暴露社区的全氟辛烷磺酸的血清浓度，估计与饮用水源的相关性，并探索潜在的人口学和行为预测因素。方法：2018年6月，对居住在三个受影响水区的213名不吸烟成年人(年龄19-93岁)进行了血清全氟辛烷磺酸浓度的量化和问卷调查。对20种全氟辛烷磺酸进行了量化，并对50%的参与者中检出的全氟辛烷磺酸(PFHxS)、全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)、全氟辛酸(PFOA)、全氟农酸盐(PFNA)和全氟庚烷磺酸(PFHpS)进行了分析。评估了血清PFAS浓度与几个预测因素之间的未经调整的相关性，包括用水量、人口统计学、个人行为和就业。多元线性回归模型估计了调整后与吸烟史的相关性。结果：研究参与者的PFHxS血清浓度中位数(14.8 ng/mL)大约是美国全国平均水平的12倍。全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的血药浓度中位数分别为9.7、3.0、0.4和0.2 ng/mL。决定PFHxS血清浓度的因素是居住的水域、瓶装水的消费频率、年龄、种族/民族和吸烟史。影响其他4种PFAS血药浓度的因素包括：居住水域、瓶装水消耗量、年龄、性别、种族/民族、吸烟史、消防员或军人职业。结论：包括PFHxS在内的多种PFAS的血药浓度影响因素包括居住地水域和瓶装水饮用频率。参与者接触PFAS的主要途径可能是饮用受PFAS污染的水，但某些人口学和行为特征也可以预测血清浓度。
Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a chemical class widely used in industrial and commercial applications because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Between 2013 and 2016 PFAS were detected in public water systems and private wells in El Paso County, Colorado. The contamination was likely due to aqueous film forming foams used at a nearby Air Force base.Objective: To cross-sectionally describe the serum concentrations of PFAS in a highly exposed community, estimate associations with drinking water source, and explore potential demographic and behavioral predictors.Methods: In June 2018, serum PFAS concentrations were quantified and questionnaires administered in 213 non-smoking adult (ages 19-93) participants residing in three affected water districts. Twenty PFAS were quantified and those detected in >50% of participants were analyzed: perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA) and perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS). Unadjusted associations were estimated between serum PFAS concentrations and several predictors, including water consumption, demographics, personal behaviors and employment. A multiple linear regression model estimated adjusted associations with smoking history.Results: Study participants' median PFHxS serum concentration (14.8 ng/mL) was approximately 12 times as high as the U.S. national average. Median serum concentrations for PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFHpS were 9.7 ng/mL, 3.0 ng/mL, 0.4 ng/mL and 0.2 ng/mL, respectively. Determinants of PFHxS serum concentrations were water district of residence, frequency of bottled water consumption, age, race/ethnicity, and smoking history. Determinants of serum concentrations for the other four PFAS evaluated included: water district of residence, bottled water consumption, age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking history, and firefighter or military employment.Conclusions: Determinants of serum concentrations for multiple PFAS, including PFHxS, included water district of residence and frequency of bottled water consumption. Participants dominant PFAS exposure route was likely consumption of PFAS-contaminated water, but certain demographic and behavioral characteristics also predicted serum concentrations.