Constrained Total Energy Expenditure and Metabolic Adaptation to Physical Activity in Adult Humans.
Constrained Total Energy Expenditure and Metabolic Adaptation to Physical Activity in Adult Humans.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.046
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发表时间：
2016-02-08
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Luke A
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作者：
Pontzer H;Durazo-Arvizu R;Dugas LR;Plange-Rhule J;Bovet P;Forrester TE;Lambert EV;Cooper RS;Schoeller DA;Luke A
目前的肥胖预防策略建议增加日常身体活动，假设增加活动将导致总能量消耗相应增加，并防止或逆转能量失衡和体重增加。这种加性总能量消耗模型得到了运动干预和加速度计研究的支持，这些研究报告了身体活动与总能量消耗之间的正相关性，但受到了人类和其他物种的生态研究的挑战，这些研究表明，更活跃的人群并没有更高的总能量消耗。在这里，我们测试了一个受约束的总能量消耗模型，其中总能量消耗在低活动水平下随着身体活动而增加，但在较高的活动水平下达到平台，因为身体适应将总能量消耗维持在一个狭窄的范围内。我们比较了总能量消耗，测量使用双标记水，对身体活动，使用加速度计测量，一个大的（n=332）样本的成年人生活在五个人口。调整后的身体大小和组成的总能量消耗与体力活动呈正相关，但在较低范围的体力活动的关系显着更强。对于身体活动上限的受试者，总能量消耗趋于稳定，支持受约束的总能量消耗模型。身体脂肪百分比和活动强度似乎调节身体活动的代谢反应。公共卫生中使用的能量平衡模型应进行修订，以更好地反映总能量消耗的约束性质和身体活动对代谢生理学的复杂影响。
Current obesity prevention strategies recommend increasing daily physical activity, assuming that increased activity will lead to corresponding increases in total energy expenditure and prevent or reverse energy imbalance and weight gain. Such Additive total energy expenditure models are supported by exercise intervention and accelerometry studies reporting positive correlations between physical activity and total energy expenditure, but challenged by ecological studies in humans and other species showing that more active populations do not have higher total energy expenditure. Here we test a Constrained total energy expenditure model, in which total energy expenditure increases with physical activity at low activity levels but plateaus at higher activity levels as the body adapts to maintain total energy expenditure within a narrow range. We compared total energy expenditure, measured using doubly labeled water, against physical activity, measured using accelerometry, for a large (n=332) sample of adults living in five populations. After adjusting for body size and composition total energy expenditure was positively correlated with physical activity, but the relationship was markedly stronger over the lower range of physical activity. For subjects in the upper range of physical activity, total energy expenditure plateaued, supporting a Constrained total energy expenditure model. Body fat percentage and activity intensity appear to modulate the metabolic response to physical activity. Models of energy balance employed in public health should be revised to better reflect the constrained nature of total energy expenditure and the complex effects of physical activity on metabolic physiology.