Worldwide Measurements of Atmospheric CO2 and Other Trace Gas Species Using Commercial Airlines
Worldwide Measurements of Atmospheric CO2 and Other Trace Gas Species Using Commercial Airlines
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DOI：
10.1175/2008jtecha1082.1
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Ogawa, T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Machida, T.;Matsueda, H.;Ogawa, T.
本文介绍了用于客机测量大气二氧化碳（CO₂）和其他微量成分的新型自动观测系统。连续二氧化碳测量设备（CME）主要由非色散红外分析仪、数据记录器以及两个用于原位CO₂测量的校准气瓶组成。另一方面，自动空气采样设备（ASE）是为烧瓶采样设计的；该仪器与金属波纹管泵相连，由专门设计的控制板组成，可容纳12个烧瓶。CME平台可用于对CO₂进行高频测量，以便在大范围内获得详细的空间观测结果，而ASE尽管飞行频率有限，但不仅可以提供CO₂的有用分布，还能提供各种微量气体成分及其同位素比值。ASE和CME安装在飞机前货舱的机架上，空气旁通进气口安装在再循环风扇上游的空调管道上。这两套采样设备通过从飞机数据系统输入相关飞行参数进行自动控制。它们在波音747 - 400飞机上的部署已通过颁发补充型号合格证（STC）获得美国和日本航空监管机构的批准，同时在波音777 - 200ER上安装CME也通过STC获得了批准。本文报道了安装在日本航空公司（JAL）飞机上的CME和ASE所获得的CO₂变化的首次测量结果。
New automated observation systems for use in passenger aircraft to measure atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and other trace species have been developed and are described in this paper. The Continuous CO2 Measuring Equipment (CME) is composed mainly of a nondispersive infrared analyzer, a datalogger, and two calibration cylinders for in situ CO2 measurements. The Automatic Air Sampling Equipment (ASE), on the other hand, is designed for flask sampling; the instrument, connected to a metal bellows pump, is made up of a specially designed control board and can accommodate 12 flasks. The CME platform can be used to conduct high-frequency measurements of CO2 for obtaining a detailed spatial observation over a wide area, while ASE, despite the limited flight frequency, can provide useful distributions not only of CO2 but also various trace gas species, as well as their isotopic ratios. ASE and CME are installed on the racks in the forward cargo compartment of the aircraft and the air bypass intake is mounted on the airconditioning duct upstream of the recirculation fan. Both sets of sampling equipment are automatically controlled through input of relevant flight parameters from the aircraft data system. Their deployment in a Boeing 747-400 aircraft was approved by the aviation regulatory agencies in the United States and Japan through issuance of the supplemental type certificate (STC), while the approval for installation of CME in a Boeing 777-200ER was also obtained via STC. First measurement results of CO2 variations obtained by CME and ASE deployed on Japan Airlines (JAL) aircraft are reported herein.