The role of the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamus in regulating behaviorally coupled and resting autonomic drive.
The role of the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamus in regulating behaviorally coupled and resting autonomic drive.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-820107-7.00012-4
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Macefield, Vaughan G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Henderson, Luke A;Macefield, Vaughan G
近一个世纪前，有报道称，刺激下丘脑可以引起深刻的行为状态变化，并伴随着自主神经功能的改变。自这些初步观察以来，对动物的进一步研究发现，下丘脑的两个区域--下丘脑背内侧和下丘脑腹内侧核--对许多行为至关重要，包括那些对心理应激源做出反应的行为。这些行为伴随着自主神经功能的变化，如血压、心率、交感神经活动的改变，压力感受器反射的重置和垂体功能的变化。越来越多的证据表明，这两个下丘脑区域在产热过程中发挥着关键作用，并表明它们也可能是肥胖相关高血压的罪魁祸首。本章的目的是回顾背内侧和腹内侧下丘脑的解剖、投射模式和功能，特别关注它们在自主神经调节中的作用。虽然关于这两个下丘脑区域的大部分已知来自实验室动物实验，但最近的人类研究也将被探索。最后，我们将描述最近的人脑成像研究，这些研究提供了这些下丘脑区域在设定静息交感神经驱动中的作用以及它们在高血压等情况下的潜在作用的证据。
Nearly a century ago it was reported that stimulation of the hypothalamus could evoke profound behavioral state changes coupled with altered autonomic function. Since these initial observations, further studies in animals have revealed that two hypothalamic regions-the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei-are critical for numerous behaviors, including those in response to psychological stressors. These behaviors are coupled with changes in autonomic functions, such as altered blood pressure, heart rate, sympathetic nerve activity, resetting of the baroreflex and changes in pituitary function. There is also growing evidence that these two hypothalamic regions play a critical role in thermogenesis, and suggestions they could also be responsible for the hypertension associated with obesity. The aim of this chapter is to review the anatomy, projection patterns, and function of the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamus with a particular focus on their role in autonomic regulation. While most of what is known about these two hypothalamic regions is derived from laboratory animal experiments, recent human studies will also be explored. Finally, we will describe recent human brain imaging studies that provide evidence of a role for these hypothalamic regions in setting resting sympathetic drive and their potential role in conditions such as hypertension.