Trace metals in bulk precipitation and throughfall in a suburban area of Japan
Trace metals in bulk precipitation and throughfall in a suburban area of Japan
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.02.035
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Hosomi, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hou, H;Takamatsu, T;Hosomi, M
在日本郊区的裸地和日本雪松（柳杉），日本赤松（赤松），日本柏树（Chamaaparis obtusa）和竹叶橡树（Quercus myrsinaefolia）的树冠下，每月收集1.5年的秋季和大量降水样品。用ICP-AES和ICP-MS分析了样品中溶解态的Al、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ag、In、Sr、Sb和Bi。富集比（ER：穿透雨中的金属浓度与大量降水中的金属浓度之比）介于2.5（Zn）至5.3（Ag）之间（平均为3.9），微溶性金属的ER一般高于易溶性金属。雨水中Mn、Fe、Cu和Zn的含量占重金属总含量的99%，而Ag、In、Sr和Bi等稀有金属的含量总和小于0.23%。在大量降水和穿透降水中，稀有金属的平均浓度分别为Ag 0.002和0.010 μ g l（-1），In 0.001和0.005 μ g l（-1），Sri 0.062和0.21 μ g l（-1），Bi 0.006和0.023 μ g l（-1）。雨水中的金属浓度与雨水的体积呈负相关，表明冲刷是金属进入雨水的主要机制。从富集系数，即（X/Al）（雨）/（X/Al）（地壳），铁以外的金属被证明是更丰富的雨水比在地壳中，包括目前作为一个结果，从土壤灰尘（锰）和人为来源（铜，锌，银，铟，锶，锑，铋）的浸出。(c)2005爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Throughfall and bulk precipitation samples were collected monthly for 1.5 years over bare land and under canopies of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora), Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), and bamboo-leafed oak (Quercus myrsinaefolia) in a suburban area of Japan. Samples were analyzed for dissolved Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ag, In, Sri, Sb and Bi by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. The metal concentrations were higher in throughfall, especially that of C japonica, than bulk precipitation. Enrichment ratios (ERs: ratios of metal concentrations in throughfall to those in bulk precipitation) ranged from 2.5 (Zn) to 5.3 (Ag) (3.9 on average), and ERs for slightly soluble metals were generally higher than those for easily soluble metals. Concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn accounted for 99% of the total concentration of heavy metals in rainwater, whereas those of rare metals such as Ag, In, Sri, and Bi totaled < 0.23 %. Average concentrations of rare metals were 0.002 and 0.010 mu g l(-1) for Ag, 0.001 and 0.005 mu g l(-1) for In, 0.062 and 0.21 mu g l(-1) for Sri, and 0.006 and 0.023 mu g l(-1) for Bi in bulk precipitation and throughfall, respectively. The metal concentrations in rainwater were negatively correlated to the volume of rainwater, indicating that washout is the main mechanism that incorporates metals into rainwater. From the enrichment factors, that is, (X/Al)(rain)/(X/Al)(crust), metals other than Fe were shown to be more enriched in rainwater than in the Earth's crust, including those present as a result of leaching from soil dust (Mn) and from anthropogenic sources (Cu, Zn, Ag, In, Sri, Sb, and Bi). (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.