The quantum-optics Hamiltonian in the Multipolar gauge.

The quantum-optics Hamiltonian in the Multipolar gauge.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41598-017-11076-5
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发表时间:
2017-09-11
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Felbacq D
Felbacq D
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rousseau E;Felbacq D

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本文讨论了量子理论中光-物质相互作用的基本问题。虽然在量子电动力学中它是通过矢量势来描述的,但一些人认为只涉及电场和磁场的哈密顿量是可取的。在文献中这个哈密顿量被称为Power-Zienau-Woolley哈密顿量。我们对其有效性提出质疑,并证明它不等同于最小耦合哈密顿量。在这篇文章中,我们证明这两个哈密顿量不是通过规范变换连接的。我们发现规范在Power-Zienau-Woolley哈密顿量中是不固定的。相互作用项用一种规表示,而哈密顿量的其余部分用另一种规表示。Power-Zienau-Woolley哈密顿量和最小耦合哈密顿量通过不满足规范固定约束的幺正变换联系起来。因此,它们预测了不同的物理结果。在这封信中,我们提供了正确的量子理论在多极规范与哈密顿只涉及物理场。
This article deals with the fundamental problem of light-matter interaction in the quantum theory. Although it is described through the vector potential in quantum electrodynamics, it is believed by some that a hamiltonian involving only the electric and the magnetic fields is preferable. In the literature this hamiltonian is known as the Power-Zienau-Woolley hamiltonian. We question its validity and show that it is not equivalent to the minimal-coupling hamiltonian. In this article, we show that these two hamiltonians are not connected through a gauge transformation. We find that the gauge is not fixed in the Power-Zienau-Woolley hamiltonian. The interaction term is written in one gauge whereas the rest of the hamiltonian is written in another gauge. The Power-Zienau-Woolley hamiltonian and the minimal-coupling one are related through a unitary transformation that does not fulfill the gauge fixing constraints. Consequently, they predict different physical results. In this letter, we provide the correct quantum theory in the multipolar gauge with a hamiltonian involving only the physical fields.
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