Niches that regulate stem cells and hematopoiesis in adult bone marrow.

Niches that regulate stem cells and hematopoiesis in adult bone marrow.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.018
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发表时间:
2021-07-12
期刊:
影响因子:
11.8
通讯作者:
Morrison SJ
Morrison SJ
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Comazzetto S;Shen B;Morrison SJ

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在哺乳动物中,造血干细胞(HSC)在整个成年生活中在骨髓内参与造血,在那里它们产生维持血细胞计数和免疫功能所必需的成熟细胞。在骨髓和脾脏中,HSC维持在与窦状血管相关的血管周围龛(微环境)中-仅在造血组织中发现的特化静脉。内皮细胞和血管周围瘦素受体+基质细胞产生维持骨髓中HSC和许多限制性祖细胞所需的已知因子。各种其他细胞合成维持其他限制性祖细胞或调节HSC或小生境功能的因子。最近的研究确定了新的标志物,解决了基质细胞之间的异质性,并完善了有限的祖细胞龛的定位。最近的其他研究确定了小生境调节HSC功能和造血功能的方式,而不仅仅是生长因子。我们总结了目前的理解造血生态位,审查最近的进展,并确定重要的悬而未决的问题。
In mammals, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) engage in hematopoiesis throughout adult life within the bone marrow where they produce the mature cells necessary to maintain blood cell counts and immune function. In the bone marrow and spleen, HSCs are sustained in perivascular niches (microenvironments) associated with sinusoidal blood vessels - specialized veins found only in hematopoietic tissues. Endothelial cells and perivascular Leptin Receptor+ stromal cells produce the known factors required to maintain HSCs and many restricted progenitors in the bone marrow. Various other cells synthesize factors that maintain other restricted progenitors or modulate HSC or niche function. Recent studies identified new markers that resolve some of the heterogeneity among stromal cells and refine the localization of restricted progenitor niches. Other recent studies identified ways in which niches regulate HSC function and hematopoiesis beyond growth factors. We summarize the current understanding of hematopoietic niches, review recent progress, and identify important unresolved questions.
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