Generalization of Hamiltonian mechanics to a three-dimensional phase space

Generalization of Hamiltonian mechanics to a three-dimensional phase space
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哈密​​顿力学推广到三维相空间

DOI:
10.1093/ptep/ptab066
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Sato Naoki
Sato Naoki
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sato Naoki;Qu Zhisong;Pfefferle David;Dewar Robert L.;Sato Naoki;Sato Naoki

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经典哈密顿力学是通过泊松括号对哈密顿函数的作用来实现的。哈密顿函数是系统的运动常数(能量)。泊松括号的性质被封装在辛形式,一个封闭的二阶微分形式。由于封闭性,辛形式被哈密顿流保持,并且它通过Lie-Darboux定理在相空间上分配一个不变(Liouville)测度。本文将经典Hamilton力学推广到三维相空间:用作用于一对Hamilton函数的广义Poisson括号代替经典Poisson括号,用辛形式代替辛形式.我们表明,使用封闭的辛形式,类似于经典的Lie-Darboux定理的结果持有:局部,存在光滑的坐标,使辛形式的组件是常数,相空间被赋予一个保存的体积元素。此外,与经典理论一样,广义泊松括号的Jacobi恒等式在数学上表达了相关辛形式的封闭性。因此,常斜对称三阶逆变张量总是定义广义泊松括号。这与一般化的哈密顿力学假设基本恒等式代替雅可比恒等式形成对比。特别是,我们发现,基本的身份代表了一个更强的要求比封闭的辛形式。
Classical Hamiltonian mechanics is realized by the action of a Poisson bracket on a Hamiltonian function. The Hamiltonian function is a constant of motion (the energy) of the system. The properties of the Poisson bracket are encapsulated in the symplectic-form, a closed second-order differential form. Due to closure, the symplectic-form is preserved by the Hamiltonian flow, and it assigns an invariant (Liouville) measure on the phase space through the Lie–Darboux theorem. In this paper we propose a generalization of classical Hamiltonian mechanics to a three-dimensional phase space: the classical Poisson bracket is replaced with a generalized Poisson bracket acting on a pair of Hamiltonian functions, while the symplectic-form is replaced by a symplectic-form. We show that, using the closure of the symplectic-form, a result analogous to the classical Lie–Darboux theorem holds: locally, there exist smooth coordinates such that the components of the symplectic-form are constants, and the phase space is endowed with a preserved volume element. Furthermore, as in the classical theory, the Jacobi identity for the generalized Poisson bracket mathematically expresses the closure of the associated symplectic form. As a consequence, constant skew-symmetric third-order contravariant tensors always define generalized Poisson brackets. This is in contrast with generalizations of Hamiltonian mechanics postulating the fundamental identity as replacement for the Jacobi identity. In particular, we find that the fundamental identity represents a stronger requirement than the closure of the symplectic-form.
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