A Neuromorphic Prosthesis to Restore Communication in Neuronal Networks
A Neuromorphic Prosthesis to Restore Communication in Neuronal Networks
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DOI：
10.1016/j.isci.2019.07.046
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发表时间：
2019-09-27
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Chiappalone, Michela
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buccelli, Stefano;Bornat, Yannick;Chiappalone, Michela
生物电子学和神经工程的最新进展使得脑机接口和神经假体的开发成为可能，能够促进或恢复神经障碍患者的功能。为了实现节能和实时能力的设备，神经形态计算系统被设想为下一代大脑修复系统的核心。我们在这里展示了一种实时硬件神经形态假体，用于恢复两个神经元群体之间的双向相互作用，即使其中一个受损或缺失。我们使用体外模块化细胞培养来模拟神经元组装体之间的相互作用，并创建局灶性损伤以在功能上断开两个群体。然后，我们使用我们的神经形态假体进行双向桥接，人工重新连接两个断开的神经元模块，并使用混合双向桥接，用实时硬件神经形态尖峰神经网络替换一个模块的活动。我们的神经假体系统为利用基于神经形态学的设备进行生物电治疗开辟了道路。
Recent advances in bioelectronics and neural engineering allowed the development of brain machine interfaces and neuroprostheses, capable of facilitating or recovering functionality in people with neurological disability. To realize energy-efficient and real-time capable devices, neuromorphic computing systems are envisaged as the core of next-generation systems for brain repair. We demonstrate here a real-time hardware neuromorphic prosthesis to restore bidirectional interactions between two neuronal populations, even when one is damaged or missing. We used in vitro modular cell cultures to mimic the mutual interaction between neuronal assemblies and created a focal lesion to functionally disconnect the two populations. Then, we employed our neuromorphic prosthesis for bidirectional bridging to artificially reconnect two disconnected neuronal modules and for hybrid bidirectional bridging to replace the activity of one module with a real-time hardware neuromorphic Spiking Neural Network. Our neuroprosthetic system opens avenues for the exploitation of neuromorphic-based devices in bioelectrical therapeutics for health care.