The effect of difference frequency on electrocommunication: Chirp production and encoding in a species of weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus
The effect of difference frequency on electrocommunication: Chirp production and encoding in a species of weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jphysparis.2008.10.013
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发表时间：
2008-07-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Benda, Jan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hupe, Ginette J.;Lewis, John E.;Benda, Jan
棕色幽灵刀鱼，无尾细鳞鱼。是一种在神经行为学研究中广泛使用的模型波浪型体操形式。与所有弱电鱼类一样，它们会产生电场(电子器官放电，EOD)，并可以使用电子感受器检测环境中的电信号。在社会互动过程中，纤毛虫通过调节其排泄物的频率和幅度来产生通信信号。第二类线性调频是最常见的调制类型，它是EOD频率的瞬时增加。我们将首先从行为学的角度描述纤毛虫的啁啾产生，然后讨论由电感受器传入(P-Units)编码啁啾的机制。啁啾的产生和编码都受到相互作用的鱼类之间排泄物频率的差异，即所谓的拍频或差频(DF)的影响。当df较小时，最常见的是线性调频，而当df较大时，攻击更常见。相关分析表明，Chirp产生在相互作用的同种目标中诱导回声响应，并且当攻击率较低时产生Chirp。在这里，我们展示了当DFS较大时，这两种关系都最强。来自电感受器传入(P单位)的电生理记录表明，小的2型啁啾仅在低DFS时由电感受器同步性增加来编码。2类啁啾是如何以更高的DFS进行编码的。这些信号似乎在哪里对行为产生了最大的影响，这是未知的。在这里，我们提供了证据，在较高的DFS，chirp可以通过去同步的P-单位群体活动来编码。(C)2008爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
The brown ghost knifefish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus. is a model wave-type gymnotiform used extensively in neuroethological studies. As all weakly electric fish, they produce an electric field (electric organ discharge, EOD) and can detect electric signals in their environments using electroreceptors. During social interactions, A. leptorhynchus produce communication signals by modulating the frequency and amplitude of their EOD. The Type 2 chirp, a transient increase in EOD frequency, is the most common modulation type. We will first present a description of A. leptorhynchus chirp production from a behavioural perspective, followed by a discussion of the mechanisms by which chirps are encoded by electroreceptor afferents (P-Units). Both the production and encoding of chirps are influenced by the difference in EOD frequency between interacting fish, the so-called beat or difference frequency (Df). Chirps are produced most often when the Df is small, whereas attacks are more common when Dfs are large. Correlation analysis has shown that chirp production induces an echo response in interacting conspecifics and that chirps are produced when attack rates are low. Here we show that both of these relationships are strongest when Dfs are large. Electrophysiological recordings from electroreceptor afferents (P-units) have suggested that small, Type 2 chirps are encoded by increases in electroreceptor synchrony at low Dfs only. How Type 2 chirps are encoded at higher Dfs. where the signals seem to exert the greatest behavioural influence, was unknown. Here, we provide evidence that at higher Dfs, chirps Could be encoded by a desynchronization of the P-unit Population activity. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.