Rapid Memory Reactivation Revealed by Oscillatory Entrainment
Rapid Memory Reactivation Revealed by Oscillatory Entrainment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2012.05.054
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发表时间：
2012-08
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
M. Wimber;A. Maass;T. Staudigl;A. Richardson-Klavehn;S. Hanslmayr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Wimber;A. Maass;T. Staudigl;A. Richardson-Klavehn;S. Hanslmayr
情节记忆指的是人类在心理上重建过去事件的独特能力。神经计算模型预测，记忆需要恢复最初经历事件时存在的大脑活动[1-5]，这一说法最近从人类功能成像工作中获得了支持[6-14]。然而，这种重新启动的性质仍不清楚。认知模型声称，提取是由存储的记忆表征(“ecphory”)的早期激活启动的[15-17]。然而，在成像研究中发现的恢复也可能反映了对提取结果进行操作的中世纪后过程，因此是记忆的结果而不是前提条件。这里，我们使用频率携带作为一种新的方法来标记人类脑电(EEG)中的记忆。参与者研究了在闪烁的背景下呈现的单词，并以6或10赫兹的频率进行稳定的大脑反应。我们发现，在后来的记忆测试中，当参与者成功识别一个单词时，这些频率特征迅速重新出现。另一项行为实验表明，这种重新激活是在学习过程中对频率缺乏有意识记忆的情况下发生的。这一发现为快速、可能的无意识记忆在提取过程中的重新激活提供了经验证据。
Episodic memory refers to humans' unique ability to mentally reconstruct past events. Neurocomputational models predict that remembering entails the reinstatement of brain activity that was present when an event was initially experienced [1–5], a claim that has recently gained support from functional imaging work in humans [6–14]. The nature of this reactivation, however, is still unclear. Cognitive models claim that retrieval is set off by an early reactivation of stored memory representations ("ecphory") [15–17]. However, reinstatement as found in imaging studies might also reflect postretrieval processes that operate on the products of retrieval and are thus a consequence rather than a precondition of remembering. Here, we used frequency entrainment as a novel method of tagging memories in the human electroencephalogram (EEG). Participants studied words presented on flickering backgrounds, entraining a steady-state brain response at either 6 or 10 Hz. We found that these frequency signatures rapidly reemerged during a later memory test when participants successfully recognized a word. An additional behavioral experiment suggested that this reactivation occurs in the absence of conscious memory for the frequencies entrained during study. The findings provide empirical evidence for the role of rapid, likely unconscious memory reactivation during retrieval.