The Hinges of History: State-Making and Revolt in Early Modern France
The Hinges of History: State-Making and Revolt in Early Modern France
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历史的枢纽：近代早期法国的国家建设与叛乱
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
April Linton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Edgar Kiser;April Linton
早期现代国家的形成结合了税收的增加，战争和行政集中化经常受到臣民的强烈反对。统治者和臣民之间的战略互动的博弈论模型的发展，以更充分地说明在法国1515年和1789年之间的国家决策和叛乱之间的关系。在整个法国的起义定量分析相结合的一个简短的案例研究，在Guyenne（最争吵的法国省）的起义来测试命题来自模型。进攻性战争（但不是一般意义上的战争）和行政集权增加了起义的可能性，而三级会议（国家立法会议）的存在则降低了起义的可能性。税收对起义的影响取决于历史背景--高税收和进攻性战争往往会在前线起义（1648-1653年的一系列起义）之前煽动起义，但之后没有影响。有人认为，重大起义的结果，如投石党，往往是国家历史上的重要转折点。在中世纪的英国和早期现代西班牙潜在的类似事件也进行了讨论。
The formation of early modem states—combining increases in taxation, warfare, and administrative centralization—was often violently opposed by subjects. A game theoretic model of strategic interactions between rulers and subjects is developed to more fully specify the relationship between state-making and revolt in France between 1515 and 1789. Quantitative analyses of revolts throughout France are combined with a brief case study of revolts in Guyenne (the most quarrelsome French province) to test propositions derived from the model. Offensive war (but not war in general) and administrative centralization increased the likelihood of revolt, while the presence of the Estates General (the national legislative assembly) decreased it. The effect of taxation on revolt depended on the historical context—high taxes and offensive wars tended to incite revolts prior to the Fronde (a cluster of revolts in 1648–1653), but had no effect afterwards. It is argued that the outcomes of significant revolts, like the Fronde, often serve as important turning points in the history of state-making. Potentially similar events in medieval England and early modern Spain are also discussed.