HOLISM AND SUSTAINABILITY: LESSONS FROM JAPAN
HOLISM AND SUSTAINABILITY: LESSONS FROM JAPAN
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整体论和可持续性：日本的经验教训
DOI：
10.1163/156853502760260275
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Kalland
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Kalland
人们经常声称，当今世界面临的环境问题可以归因于植根于基督教的二元论和人类中心主义。因此，可以从非西方思想中固有的整体主义和生态中心主义中寻求这些问题的解决方案。美洲原住民和亚洲的宗教尤其被认为是灵感的潜在来源。本文以日本为例，对这一观点提出了质疑，认为宗教不是连贯的结构，他们声称的对自然的仁慈是建立在对这些非西方宗教的选择性解读之上的。至于日本，佛教(尤其是禅宗)和神道教都被认为是以生态为中心的宗教，对世界采取了整体性的态度。然而，这并没有阻止环境的严重退化。相反，有人会争辩说，这些整体宗教中有一些特征可能会助长这种退化。因此，将环境问题归因于现代化和西方化过于简单化。
It is often claimed that environmental problems facing the world today can be attributed to dualism and anthropocentrism rooted in Christianity. Hence, it is argued that a solution to these problems can be sought in holism and ecocentrism inherent in non-western thought. Native American and Asian religions have in particular been heralded as potential sources of inspiration. Using Japan as a case, this paper challenges this view, arguing that religions are not coherent constructions and that their claimed benevolence to nature are based on selective reading of these non-western religions. As to Japan, both Buddhism (not least Zen) and Shinto have been regarded as ecocentric religions with a holistic approach to the world. This has not prevented serious degradation of the environment taking place, however. On the contrary, it will be argued that there are features in these holistic religions that might facilitate such degradation. It is therefore far too simplistic to attribute environmental problems to modernization and westernization.