Predator-Prey Management in the National Park Context : Lessons from a Transboundary Wolf , Elk , Moose and Caribou System
Predator-Prey Management in the National Park Context : Lessons from a Transboundary Wolf , Elk , Moose and Caribou System
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国家公园背景下的捕食者-猎物管理：跨界狼、麋鹿、驼鹿和驯鹿系统的经验教训
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发表时间：
2009
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通讯作者：
M. Hebblewhite
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作者：
M. Hebblewhite
狼群正在通过积极恢复(Bangs和Fritts 1996)和自然扩散(Boyd And Pletscher 1999)在较低的48个州内重新定居它们以前的大部分活动范围。狼的恢复被吹捧为20̂̂世纪最伟大的保护成功之一(Mech 1995；Smith等人)。2003年)。除了是一项重要的单一物种保护成功之外，由于狼对生态系统的普遍影响，恢复狼也可能是有史以来采取的最重要的生态恢复行动之一(HebbleWhite等人)。2005)。狼的捕食行为现在正在恢复到70年或更长时间没有主要捕食者存在的生态系统中。整整几代野生动物管理人员和生物学家都是在没有世界上最成功的有蹄类动物捕食者--狼--的情况下，接受过有蹄类动物管理范式的培训。野生动物经理和科学家现在面临着许多关于狼恢复在生态系统管理背景下的作用的问题。狼对经济上重要的有蹄类动物种群的影响正在成为野生动物管理者的中心问题。但是，随着一系列新的研究揭示了狼对生态系统的戏剧性影响及其对生物多样性保护的影响，关于狼的重要生态系统影响的问题也出现了(Smith等人。2003年；Fortin等人。2005年；HebbleWhite等人。2005年；Ripple和Beschta 2006年；HebbleWhite和Smith 2007年)。在这篇论文中，我通过回顾狼对艾伯塔省班夫国家公园(BNP)山地生态系统的影响，为较低48个州(狼正在重新殖民)地区的野生动物管理者和科学家提供了一扇通往它们未来的窗口。在阿尔伯塔省南部的大部分地区，狼被灭绝了，类似于较低的48个州，但它们通过自然分散的种群恢复了生存
Wolves {Canis lupus) are recolonizing much of their former range within the lower 48 states through active recovery (Bangs and Fritts 1996) and natural dispersal (Boyd and Pletscher 1999). Wolf recovery is being touted as one of the great conservation successes of the 20̂ ̂century (Mech 1995; Smith et al. 2003). In addition to being an important single-species conservation success, wolf recovery may also be one of the most important ecological restoration actions ever taken because of the pervasive ecosystem impacts of wolves (Hebblewhite et al. 2005). Wolf predation is now being restored to ecosystems that have been without the presence of major predators for 70 years or more. Whole generations of wildlife managers and biologists have come up through the ranks, trained in an ungulatemanagement paradigm developed in the absence of the world’s most successful predator of ungulates— t̂he wolf. Many questions are now facing wildlife managers and scientists about the role of wolf recovery in an ecosystemmanagement context. The effects wolves will have on economically important ungulate populations is emerging as a central issue for wildlife managers. But, questions about the important ecosystem effects of wolves are also emerging as a flurry of new studies reveals the dramatic ecosystem impacts of wolves and their implications for the conservation of biodiversity (Smith et al. 2003; Fortin et al. 2005; Hebblewhite et al. 2005; Ripple and Beschta 2006; Hebblewhite and Smith 2007). In this paper, I provide for wildlife managers and scientists in areas in the lower 48 states (where wolves are recolonizing) a window to their future by reviewing the effects of wolves on montane ecosystems in Banff National Park (BNP), Alberta. Wolves were exterminated in much of southern Alberta, similar to the lower 48 states, but they recovered through natural dispersal populations