Performance on stochastic figure-ground perception varies with individual differences in speech-in-noise recognition and working memory capacity.
Performance on stochastic figure-ground perception varies with individual differences in speech-in-noise recognition and working memory capacity.
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DOI：
10.1121/10.0016756
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发表时间：
2023-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Michael A. Johns;Regina C. Calloway;Ian Phillips;Valerie Karuzis;Kelsey Dutta;E. Smith;S. Shamma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Michael A. Johns;Regina C. Calloway;Ian Phillips;Valerie Karuzis;Kelsey Dutta;E. Smith;S. Shamma
噪声环境中的语音识别可能具有挑战性，并且需要收听者准确地将目标说话者与不相关的背景噪声分离。随机图形背景（SFG）任务，其中时间相干的非谐波纯音必须从背景中识别已被用来探测非语言听觉流分离过程的语音噪声处理的重要。然而，人们对SFG任务和噪音中语音任务的表现之间的关系知之甚少，也不知道可能调节这种关系的个体差异。在这项研究中，37名年轻的听力正常的成年人进行了SFG任务与目标数字和弦组成的四个，六个，八个，或十个时间连贯的音调之间的背景随机变化的音调。刺激被设计为在频谱和时间上平坦。时间上连贯的音调的数量增加导致更高的准确性和更快的反应时间（RT）。对于10个目标音，更快的RT与更好的分数在快速语音噪声任务。工作记忆容量和自我报告的音乐才能的个体差异进一步调节了这些关系。总体而言，结果表明，SFG任务可以作为听觉流分离准确性和RT的评估，该评估对认知和听觉能力的个体差异敏感，即使是在年轻的正常听力成年人中也是如此。
Speech recognition in noisy environments can be challenging and requires listeners to accurately segregate a target speaker from irrelevant background noise. Stochastic figure-ground (SFG) tasks in which temporally coherent inharmonic pure-tones must be identified from a background have been used to probe the non-linguistic auditory stream segregation processes important for speech-in-noise processing. However, little is known about the relationship between performance on SFG tasks and speech-in-noise tasks nor the individual differences that may modulate such relationships. In this study, 37 younger normal-hearing adults performed an SFG task with target figure chords consisting of four, six, eight, or ten temporally coherent tones amongst a background of randomly varying tones. Stimuli were designed to be spectrally and temporally flat. An increased number of temporally coherent tones resulted in higher accuracy and faster reaction times (RTs). For ten target tones, faster RTs were associated with better scores on the Quick Speech-in-Noise task. Individual differences in working memory capacity and self-reported musicianship further modulated these relationships. Overall, results demonstrate that the SFG task could serve as an assessment of auditory stream segregation accuracy and RT that is sensitive to individual differences in cognitive and auditory abilities, even among younger normal-hearing adults.