Information and Expertise Sharing in Inter-Organizational Crisis Management
Information and Expertise Sharing in Inter-Organizational Crisis Management
复制标题
组织间危机管理中的信息和专业知识共享
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Torben Wiedenhöfer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Ley;Thomas Ludwig;V. Pipek;D. Randall;Christian Reuter;Torben Wiedenhöfer
紧急情况或危机管理是一个复杂的管理问题，这已得到充分证明。各种机构需要实时合作和协调，这种紧迫性在其他领域并不总是存在。因此，需要及时向需要的组织和个人提供各种准确的信息（例如地理和天气条件;现有技能和专门知识;现状;目前的部署和部署情况），顾名思义，这种信息将来自组织内部和组织之间的若干来源。大型活动尤其需要与其他组织合作。当然，存在应对此类事件的计划和流程，但动态变化因素的数量以及大量的异构组织和高度的相互依赖性使得不可能为所有突发事件制定计划。因此，有必要进行一定程度的即兴创作，这通常是通过各种信息和专门知识共享做法来实现的。然而，这面临着许多挑战，如不同的组织文化，独特的个人和协调工作的做法和离散的信息系统。我们的工作需要检查的信息和专业知识共享的做法，它的障碍，在组织间危机管理。我们认为这是一个设计案例研究，这样我们就可以检查一个问题领域及其范围;在该领域进行详细的调查，并为实施和评估提供设计建议。首先，以德国的中大型停电事故为例，对警察、消防、公共行政、电网运营商等负有安全责任的公共机构与组织之间的合作实践进行实证研究。基于这些结果，我们将描述一个概念，这是设计，实施和评估作为一个系统原型，在两个迭代。虽然第一次迭代侧重于情况评估，但第二次迭代还包括组织间协作功能。根据我们对从业人员的评估结果，我们将讨论如何支持合作，特别关注信息和专业知识共享。
Emergency or crisis management, as is well-attested, is a complex management problem. A variety of agencies need to collaborate and coordinate in real-time and with an urgency that is not always present in other domains. It follows that accurate information of varying kinds (e.g. geographical and weather conditions; available skills and expertises; state-of-play; current dispositions and deployments) needs to be made available in a timely fashion to the organizations and individuals who need it. By definition, this information will come from a number of sources both within and across organizations. Large-scale events in particular necessitate collaboration with other organizations. Of course, plans and processes exist to deal with such events but the number of dynamically changing factors as well as the high number of heterogeneous organizations and the high degree of interdependency involved make it impossible to plan for all contingencies. A degree of ongoing improvisation, which typically occurs by means of a variety of information and expertise sharing practices, therefore becomes necessary. This, however, faces many challenges, such as different organizational cultures, distinct individual and coordinative work practices and discrete information systems. Our work entails an examination of the practices of information and expertise sharing, and the obstacles to it, in inter-organizational crisis management. We conceive of this as a design case study, such that we examine a problem area and its scope; conduct detailed enquiries into practice in that area, and provide design recommendations for implementation and evaluation. First, we will present the results of an empirical study of collaboration practices between organizations and public authorities with security responsibilities such as the police, fire departments, public administration and electricity network operators, mainly in scenarios of medium to large power outages in Germany. Based on these results, we will describe a concept, which was designed, implemented and evaluated as a system prototype, in two iterations. While the first iteration focuses on situation assessment, the second iteration also includes inter-organizational collaboration functionalities. Based on the findings of our evaluations with practitioners, we will discuss how to support collaboration with a particular focus on information and expertise sharing.