Mechanisms of mercury disposition in the body
Mechanisms of mercury disposition in the body
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DOI：
10.1002/ajim.20476
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发表时间：
2007-10-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Ballatorl, Nazzareno
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clarkson, Thomas W.;Vyas, Jayesh B.;Ballatorl, Nazzareno
今天，人类最广泛的汞接触是汞合金牙齿填充物散发的汞蒸气，疫苗中作为防腐剂的乙基汞，以及鱼类可食用组织中的甲基汞。本综述将重点关注这三种汞的迁移机制。所有这三个物种都可以在整个身体中自由移动。考虑到其作为不带电原子气体的物理性质，吸入蒸汽被认为是通过被动扩散来传输的。甲基汞和乙基汞也可以在体内自由移动。甲基汞和据推测其密切相关的化学表亲乙基汞作为与小分子量硫醇化合物的复合物穿过细胞膜，部分作为大中性氨基酸载体上的半胱氨酸复合物进入细胞，部分作为内源性载体上的还原型谷胱甘肽复合物离开细胞。这些机制与生物监测的影响进行了讨论。
Today the most widespread human exposures to mercury are to mercury vapor emitted from amalgam tooth fillings, to ethylmercury as a preservative in vaccines, and to methylmercury in edible tissues of fish. This review will focus on the mechanisms of transport of these three species of mercury. All three species are freely moveable throughout the body. Inhaled vapor in view of its physical properties as an uncharged atomic gas is, believed to be transported by passive diffusion. Methylmercury and ethylmercury also move freely in the body. Methylmercury, and presumably its closely related chemical cousin ethylmercury, cross cell membranes as complexes with small molecular weight thiol compounds, entering the cell in part as a cysteine complex on the large neutral amino acid carriers and exiting the cell in part as a complex with reduced glutathione on endogenous carriers. The implications of these mechanisms with regard to biological monitoring are discussed.