Understanding and Preventing Health Concerns About Emerging Mobile Health Technologies
Understanding and Preventing Health Concerns About Emerging Mobile Health Technologies
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DOI：
10.2196/14375
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发表时间：
2020-05-25
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Smyth, Joshua M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Materia, Frank T.;Faasse, Kate;Smyth, Joshua M.
新技术和创新往往改善了人口福祉和社会功能;然而，这些也往往最初伴随着担忧和恐惧。在某些情况下，这种担忧可能会阻碍甚至完全阻止技术的采用。移动的健康（mHealth）是一门广泛关注采用流动技术以提高健康促进和临床干预方法的可负担性、覆盖范围和有效性的学科，它提供了新的创新和机会。尽管有新的证据支持mHealth的功效（例如，改善健康结果），但一些人对mHealth技术表示担忧，认为这可能会阻碍mHealth的可扩展性，功效，并最终影响mHealth的公共卫生效益。我们提出了一个审查和概念框架来研究这些问题，重点放在三个首要主题：生物生理，心理和社会问题。移动健康的一些特征导致人们担心对个人健康的潜在负面影响（例如，由于暴露于电磁波或无线电波），尽管有证据支持这些技术的安全性。当存在时，这种信念可能会导致头晕，从而引起不愉快和令人担忧的身体症状--反安慰剂效应。这可能是一个重要的实施障碍，因为对有益的mHealth产品（或其功能，如无线充电，可穿戴或植入式传感器等）的担忧，也可能有更广泛的影响（例如，导致经济，政府和立法行动）。除了审查这些方面的证据外，我们还提供了一个广泛的移动健康实施研究的三步模型，重点是了解和预防健康问题，以促进移动健康的安全和有效的可扩展性（并且可以推广并应用于类似技术）：（1）评估和更好地辨别公众的看法和误解（以及这些可能在人群之间存在差异），（2）制定基于理论的关于mHealth安全性的公共卫生传播策略，以及（3）使用基于证据的方法传播这一信息。总的来说，这些步骤集中在审查有关担心和反安慰剂在移动健康中的潜在作用的证据，并为理解和改变态度以及防止与移动健康技术相关的毫无根据的负面看法提供模型。
New technologies and innovations have often improved population well-being and societal function; however, these are also often initially accompanied by worry and fear. In some cases, such worries can impede, or even prevent entirely, the adoption of the technology. Mobile health (mHealth), a discipline broadly focused on employing ambulatory technologies to improve the affordability, reach, and effectiveness of health promotion and clinical intervention approaches, offers new innovations and opportunities. Despite emerging evidence supporting mHealth efficacy (eg, for improving health outcomes), some individuals have concerns about mHealth technology that may impede scalability, efficacy, and, ultimately, the public health benefits of mHealth. We present a review and conceptual framework to examine these issues, focusing on three overarching themes: biophysiological, psychological, and societal concerns. There are features of mHealth that lead to worries about the potential negative effects on an individual's health (eg, due to exposure to electromagnetic or radio waves), despite evidence supporting the safety of these technologies. When present, such beliefs can lead to wony that gives rise to the experience of unpleasant and concerning physical symptoms-the nocebo effect. This may represent an important implementational barrier because of apprehension toward beneficial mHealth products (or features thereof, such as wireless charging, wearable or implantable sensors, etc) and may also have broader ramifications (eg, leading to economic, governmental, and legislative actions). In addition to reviewing evidence on these points, we provide a broad three-step model of implementation research in mHealth that focuses on understanding and preventing health concerns to facilitate the safe and effective scalability of mHealth (and that may be generalizable and applied to similar technologies): (1) evaluating and better discerning public perceptions and misperceptions (and how these may differ between populations), (2) developing theory based public health communication strategies regarding the safety of mHealth, and (3) disseminating this messaging using evidence-based methods. Collectively, these steps converge on reviewing evidence regarding the potential role of worry and nocebo in mHealth and providing a model for understanding and changing attitudes and preventing unfounded negative perceptions related to mHealth technology.