Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed EFSA Scientific Committee
Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed EFSA Scientific Committee
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DOI：
10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4257
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发表时间：
2015-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
本意见采用风险简介的形式，提出了与用作食品和饲料的养殖昆虫相关的潜在生物和化学危害以及过敏性和环境危害，考虑到从养殖到最终产品的整个链条。该意见还讨论了在不同基质类别上生长的非加工昆虫中发生的这些危害，与其他非加工动物源蛋白质来源中发生的这些危害的情况进行比较。当目前允许的饲料材料用作喂养昆虫的基质时，预计可能发生的微生物危害与其他未加工的动物源性蛋白质来源中发生的微生物危害相当。未经加工的昆虫中可能出现的朊病毒将取决于底物是否包含人类或反刍动物来源的蛋白质。关于化学污染物从不同基质转移到昆虫的数据非常有限。厨房垃圾、人类和动物粪便等基质也被考虑在内，并且需要专门评估以这些基质为食的昆虫的危害。结论是，对于生物和化学危害，具体的生产方法、使用的基质、收获阶段、昆虫种类和发育阶段以及进一步加工的方法都会对昆虫来源的食品和饲料产品中生物和化学污染物的发生和水平产生影响。与环境相关的危害预计与其他动物生产系统相当。该意见还指出了昆虫用作食品和饲料时可能产生的危害的不确定性（缺乏知识），并指出没有系统收集有关动物和人类食用昆虫的数据。关于脊椎动物微生物病原体发生情况的研究以及饲养昆虫中危险化学品的已发表数据很少。强烈建议进一步生成有关这些问题的数据。
The present opinion has the format of a risk profile and presents potential biological and chemical hazards as well as allergenicity and environmental hazards associated with farmed insects used as food and feed taking into account of the entire chain, from farming to the final product. The opinion also addresses the occurrence of these hazards in non-processed insects, grown on different substrate categories, in comparison to the occurrence of these hazards in other non-processed sources of protein of animal origin. When currently allowed feed materials are used as substrate to feed insects, the possible occurrence of microbiological hazards is expected to be comparable to their occurrence in other non-processed sources of protein of animal origin. The possible occurrence of prions in nonprocessed insects will depend on whether the substrate includes protein of human or ruminant origin. Data on transfer of chemical contaminants from different substrates to the insects are very limited. Substrates like kitchen waste, human and animal manure are also considered and hazards from insects fed on these substrates need to be specifically assessed. It is concluded that for both biological and chemical hazards, the specific production methods, the substrate used, the stage of harvest, the insect species and developmental stage, as well as the methods for further processing will all have an impact on the occurrence and levels of biological and chemical contaminants in food and feed products derived from insects. Hazards related to the environment are expected to be comparable to other animal production systems. The opinion also identifies the uncertainties (lack of knowledge) related to possible hazards when insects are used as food and feed and notes that there are no systematically collected data on animal and human consumption of insects. Studies on the occurrence of microbial pathogens of vertebrates as well as published data on hazardous chemicals in reared insects are scarce. Further data generation on these issues are highly recommended.