Producing TV Content in a Globalized Intellectual Property Market: The Emergence Of The International Production Model
Producing TV Content in a Globalized Intellectual Property Market: The Emergence Of The International Production Model
复制标题
在全球化知识产权市场中制作电视内容：国际制作模式的出现
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Chalaby
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Chalaby
摘要本文以跨国电视模式的制作为研究对象，指出近几十年来出现了一种新的商业模式。虽然许多电视节目仍然由第三方授权销售和制作，但领先的电视制作公司更愿意在尽可能多的市场上改编自己的节目，这一战略导致了它们的国际化。本文追溯了这种模式的起源，并展示了它是如何由游戏节目制作人开创的，并被英国独立电视制作公司和一些欧洲广播公司采用，然后最终被几家好莱坞电影公司采用。这导致了今天14个国际电视制作超级集团的形成。本文认为，这种模式的出现是对电视格式革命所创造的知识产权市场全球化的回应。正是这场革命催生了一个无形资产的市场，比如编程概念和制作专业知识，如今这些无形资产与已完成的节目一样跨越国界。本文展示了市场如何扩大了电视模式的价值链，以及电视制作公司如何需要发展他们的国际能力以保持对价值链的控制。国际生产网络使他们能够在全球范围内产生、利用和保护知识产权。
Abstract This article focuses on the production of transnational TV formats, and argues that a new business model has emerged over recent decades. Whilst many formats are still sold and produced under licence by a third party, leading TV production companies prefer to adapt their own shows in as many markets as possible, a strategy that has led to their internationalization. This article traces back the model’s origins and shows how it was pioneered by game-show producers, and adopted by British independent TV production companies and a few European broadcasters, then eventually by several Hollywood studios. This led to the formation of today’s 14 international TV production super-groups. This paper then argues that this model emerged in response to the globalization of the intellectual property market that was created by the TV format revolution. It was this revolution that spawned a market for intangibles such as programming concepts and production expertise, which today cross borders as much as finished programmes. This paper shows how the market has expanded a TV format’s value chain, and how TV production companies have needed to develop their international capabilities in order to retain control of the chain. An international production network enables them to generate, exploit and protect intellectual property on a global scale.