Functional tissue engineering: The role of biomechanics
Functional tissue engineering: The role of biomechanics
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DOI：
10.1115/1.1318906
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发表时间：
2000-12-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Guilak, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Butler, DL;Goldstein, SA;Guilak, F
“组织工程”使用植入的细胞、支架、DNA、蛋白质和/或蛋白质片段来替换或修复受伤或患病的组织和器官，尽管它早期取得了成功，但组织工程师在修复或替换具有主要生物力学功能的组织方面面临着挑战。一种名为“功能组织工程”(FTE)的发展中的学科试图解决这些挑战。在这篇文章中，作者提出了在对承重结构进行工程修复和替换时应考虑的功能组织工程原理。首先，需要测量各种活动的体内应力/应变史。这些活体数据提供了组织修复/替换手术后可能遇到的机械阈值；第二，必须建立次要失败和失败条件下的自然组织的机械性能。这些“基线数据”为不同的活体活动提供了在预期阈值内的参数，如果纳入了安全因素，则超过了这些水平。第三，必须选择这些机械特性的子集并确定其优先顺序。这一子集很重要，因为设计的机械性能并不期望完全复制天然组织的性能。第四，在评估手术后的修复/更换时，必须设定标准，以阻止“多好才够好？”修复结果的某些方面可能较差，但修复和更换的其他机械特性可能是合适的。还必须开发新的和改进的方法来评估工程组织的功能。第五，必须在工程组织中确定物理因素对细胞活动的影响。了解这些信号可能会缩短成功替换组织所需的迭代时间，并将细胞活动和表型导向预期的最终目标。最后，为了达到更好的修复效果，细胞基质植入物可能受益于在植入前使用体外“生物反应器”进行机械刺激越来越多的证据表明，机械应力和其他物理因素可以显著增加生物人工基质中细胞的生物合成活性，结合这些功能组织工程的这些原理中的每一个应该为外科医生和患者带来更安全和更有效的修复和替换。[S0148-0731(00)00206-5]。
''Tissue engineering" uses implanted cells, scaffolds, DNA, protein, and/or protein fragments to replace or repair injured or diseased tissues and organs, Despite its early, success, tissue engineers have faced challenges in repairing or replacing tissues that serve a predominantly biomechanical function. An evolving discipline called "functional tissue engineering" (FTE) seeks to address these challenges. In this paper, the authors present principles of functional tissue engineering that should be addressed when engineering repairs and replacements for load-bearing structures. First, in vivo stress/strain histories need to be measured for a variety of activities. These in vivo data provide mechanical thresholds that tissue repairs/replacements will likely encounter after surgery, Second, the mechanical properties of the native tissues must be established for subfailure and failure conditions. These "baseline data" provide parameters within the expected threshold for different in vivo activities and beyond these levels if safety factors are to be incorporated. Third, a subset of these these mechanical properties must be selected and prioritized. This subset is important, given that the mechanical properties of the designs are not expected to completely duplicate the properties of the native tissues. Fourth, standards must be set when evaluating the repairs/replacements after surgery so as to deter-mine "how good is good enough?" Some aspects of the repair outcome may be inferior but other mechanical characteristics of the repairs and replacements might be suitable. New and improved methods must also be developed for assessing the function of engineered tissues. Fifth, the effects of physical factors on cellular activity must be determined in engineered tissues. Knowing these signals may shorten the iterations required to replace a tissue successfully and direct cellular activity and phenotype toward a desired end goal. Finally, to effect a better repair outcome, cell-matrix implants may benefit from being mechanically stimulated using in vitro "bioreactors" prior to implantation Increasing evidence suggests that mechanical stress, as well as other physical factors, may significantly increase the biosynthetic activity of cells in bioartificial matrices, Incorporating each of these principles of functional tissue engineering should result in safer and more efficacious repairs and replacements for the surgeon and patient. [S0148-0731(00)00206-5].