Origin and Health Status of First-Generation Africans from Early Colonial Mexico
Origin and Health Status of First-Generation Africans from Early Colonial Mexico
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.002
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发表时间：
2020-06-08
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Krause, Johannes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barquera, Rodrigo;Lamnidis, Thiseas C.;Krause, Johannes
在墨西哥历史时期，数千名非洲人被迫搬迁，迄今为止主要是通过档案来源记录下来的，这些档案只提供了关于他们的起源和生活经历的零星细节。在这里，我们采用生物考古学的方法来探讨三个16世纪世纪非洲人的生活史，从一个集体埋葬在墨西哥城的圣何塞德洛斯自然皇家医院。我们的方法汇集了古代基因组数据，骨骼学分析，牙釉质的锶同位素数据，牙本质的δ C-13和δ N-15同位素数据，以及民族历史信息，以揭示其起源和健康的前所未有的细节。骨骼特征，放射性同位素，遗传数据的单亲，全基因组和人类白细胞抗原（HLA）标记的分析是一致的撒哈拉以南非洲起源的所有三个人。梅毒螺旋体的全基因组。从这些个体中回收的pertenue（雅司病的病原体）和B型肝炎病毒（HBV）提供了对与传染病相关的他们的健康的深入了解。这两种病原体的系统发育分析揭示了它们与当前西非人群中流行的菌株的密切关系，支持它们在该地区的起源。检索到的密螺旋体基因组与先前在墨西哥殖民地个体中分型的密螺旋体基因组之间的进一步关系突出了跨大西洋奴隶贸易在将病原体引入和传播到新世界中的作用。把所有的证据放在一起，我们能够创造出三个人的生物肖像，他们的生活故事长期以来被不光彩的历史事件所掩盖。
The forced relocation of several thousand Africans during Mexico's historic period has so far been documented mostly through archival sources, which provide only sparse detail on their origins and lived experience. Here, we employ a bioarchaeological approach to explore the life history of three 16th century Africans from a mass burial at the San Jose de los Naturales Royal Hospital in Mexico City. Our approach draws together ancient genomic data, osteological analysis, strontium isotope data from tooth enamel, delta C-13 and delta N-15 isotope data from dentine, and ethnohistorical information to reveal unprecedented detail on their origins and health. Analyses of skeletal features, radiogenic isotopes, and genetic data from uniparental, genome-wide, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) markers are consistent with a Sub-Saharan African origin for all three individuals. Complete genomes of Treponema pallidum sub. pertenue (causative agent of yaws) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) recovered from these individuals provide insight into their health as related to infectious disease. Phylogenetic analysis of both pathogens reveals their close relationship to strains circulating in current West African populations, lending support to their origins in this region. The further relationship between the treponemal genome retrieved and a treponemal genome previously typed in an individual from Colonial Mexico highlights the role of the transatlantic slave trade in the introduction and dissemination of pathogens into the New World. Putting together all lines of evidence, we were able to create a biological portrait of three individuals whose life stories have long been silenced by disreputable historical events.