BIOSYSTEMATICS OF RUELLIA TUBEROSA L. (ACANTHACEAE)
BIOSYSTEMATICS OF RUELLIA TUBEROSA L. (ACANTHACEAE)
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RUELLIA Tuberosa L.（爵床科）的生物系统学
DOI：
10.1002/j.1537-2197.1976.tb13176.x
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发表时间：
1976
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Robert W. Long
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robert W. Long
秋ellia tuberosa是一种广泛的热带多年生草本植物，已被指定为大属秋ellia的模式种。为了明确种间关系，本文提出了包括nudiflora、malacosperma、lorentziana和tuberosa在内的tuberosa种复合体作为重新定义的限定属Ruellia。所有其他Ruellia种将被转移到分离属。包括人工杂交实验、植物标本馆比较、色谱分析和细胞学研究在内的生物系统研究表明，结核分枝杆菌与许多北美温带分类群和某些其他热带物种有遗传关系。现有的生物系统证据无法支持Ruellia的狭义定义。形态学比较表明，结核分枝杆菌可能是一个扩大的属概念的原始成分。RUELLIA，如一般所知，是一个大而多变的属，主要是热带多年生草本和灌木，大小从几厘米到大而浓密的植物。它是刺科的第二大属，大约有250种已命名的物种，广泛分布在旧世界和新世界的热带地区，但在北美温带地区出现的物种相对较少。Lindau （1895, p. 308-311）对Ruellia的广泛而包容的界定通常被分类学家所遵循，尽管该属在历史上曾多次尝试将其划分为独立的属（Long, 1973）。具有明显管状或宽钟状花冠的裂花和不明显的管状闭锁花；附生的双生或双生的雄蕊具花丝在基部融合；长圆形，对称的花药和圆柱形的蒴果。属的概念是由林奈（1754年，第702页）根据普卢梅耶（1703年，第12页）对R. tuberosa的说明建立的。后来，该种被选为该属的原型（Britton and Brown, 1913, p. 241）。尽管不同的作者将许多物种归为Ruellia，但Bremekamp和nannengabremkamp（1948）建议Ruellia仅限于那些具有圆柱形估计胶囊的物种，这些胶囊中含有大量的已于1975年7月31日发表。这项研究得到了美国国家科学基金GB-35231和BMS 72-02209 A03的资助。南佛罗里达大学生物系的Richard Mansell博士监督了酚类化合物的鉴定。苏珊娜·托德女士是这次调查的研究助理。投稿第95号，来自佛罗里达州坦帕市南佛罗里达大学植物实验室。种子。这一概念将导致一个属仅由五种热带和亚热带美洲物种组成，即R. tuberosa（图1），R. intermedia Leonard， R. nudiflora (Engelm。R. lorentziana Griseb。绿毛霉；一般定义基本上与Leonard（1927）所描述的“R. tuberosa及其一些近亲”相同。疏生伞聚伞花序松弛，花有花梗，蓝色或淡紫色，花萼5裂，花冠近钟状或蜂巢状，包括雄蕊，和圆柱形的多种子蒴果。许多其他被归入Ruellia sensu Lindau和其他作者的物种将被转移到分离属，如Arrhostoxylum Nees， Stephanophysum Pohl, Dipteracanthus Nees, Leptosiphonium F. v. Muell。，不来梅。& Nannenga-Bremek。Pararuellia Bremek。& Nannenga-Bremek。和乌莱里亚·布雷梅克。（Bremekamp and Nannenga-Bremekamp, 1948; Bremekamp, 1969）。所有这些变化的分类学影响将使林奈原来的属概念受到怀疑，并将一些或多或少可区分的分类群严格地根据形态差异重新建立为属。为了确定其与其他属植物的相对分类地位，并对其亲缘关系进行了生物系统调查，包括野外考察、减数分裂染色体和细胞学分析、杂交实验和花冠色素的色谱比较。这些研究使我们对美洲热带和温带物种之间的复杂关系有了一些深入的了解，这些关系在很大程度上是纯粹形态学上无法预料的
Ruellia tuberosa is a wide-ranging tropical, perennial herb that has been designated the type species for the large genus Ruellia. To clarify interspecific relationships, the R. tuberosa species complex, including R. nudiflora, R. malacosperma, and R. lorentziana, and R. tuberosa, has been proposed as the redefined and restricted genus Ruellia. All other Ruellia species would be transferred to segregate genera. Biosystematic investigations that included artificial hybridization experiments, herbarium comparisons, chromatographic analyses, and cytological studies demonstrated that R. tuberosa is genetically related to a number of North American temperate taxa and to certain other tropical species. The narrow definition of Ruellia cannot be supported from the biosystematic evidence at hand. Morphological comparisons suggest that R. tuberosa may be a primitive component in a broadened generic concept. RUELLIA, as generally understood, is a large and variable genus of mostly tropical perennial herbs and shrubs ranging in size from a few centimeters to large, bushy plants. It is the second largest genus of Acanthaceae with about 250 named species widely distributed in both the Old and New World tropics, but with relatively few species occurring in the temperate regions of North America. The broad, inclusive circumscription of Ruellia by Lindau (1895, p. 308-311) has usually been followed by taxonomists although the genus historically has been subjected to numerous attempts to split it up into segregate genera (Long, 1973). Characters that tend to define the genus are the conspicuous tubular or broadly campanulate corollas of chasmogamous flowers and inconspicuous tubular cleistogamous flowers; epipetalous didymous or didynamous stamens with filaments fused at the base; oblong, symmetrical anthers, and cylindrical capsules. The concept of the genus was established by Linnaeus (1754, p. 702) based on an illustration of R. tuberosa by Plumier (1703, p. 12). Later the species was selected as the lectotype for the genus (Britton and Brown, 1913, p. 241). Although many species have been assigned to Ruellia by various authors, Bremekamp and NannengaBremekamp (1948) proposed that Ruellia be restricted to just those species having cylindrical estipitate capsules that contain large numbers of Received for publication 31 July 1975. 'Research supported by N.S.F. grants GB-35231 and BMS 72-02209 A03. Dr. Richard Mansell, Dept. of Biology, University of South Florida, supervised the identification of phenolic compounds. Ms. Suzanne Todd was research assistant in the investigation. Contribution No. 95 from the Botanical Laboratories, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida. seeds. This concept would result in a genus being composed of only five tropical and subtropical American species, namely R. tuberosa (Fig. 1), R. intermedia Leonard, R. nudiflora (Engelm. & Gray) Urban, R. lorentziana Griseb. and R. malacosperma Greenm. The generic definition would be essentially the same species group that Leonard (1927) described as "R. tuberosa and a few of its close relatives." Ruellia sensu stricto is characterized by lax axillary cymes, pedicellate blue or lavender flowers, 5-lobed calyx, subcampanulate or infundibuliform corolla throat, included stamens, and cylindrical, many-seeded capsules. The numerous other species that have been assigned to Ruellia sensu Lindau and other authors would be transferred to segregate genera such as Arrhostoxylum Nees, Stephanophysum Pohl, Dipteracanthus Nees, Leptosiphonium F. v. Muell., Nothoruellia Bremek. & Nannenga-Bremek., Pararuellia Bremek. & Nannenga-Bremek., and Ulleria Bremek. (Bremekamp and Nannenga-Bremekamp, 1948; Bremekamp, 1969). The taxonomic effects of all these changes would be to throw the original generic concept of Linnaeus into doubt, and to reestablish a number of more or less distinguishable taxa as genera strictly on the basis of morphological variance. In order to establish the relative taxonomic position of R. tuberosa with other species of the genus sensu lato, as well as to test the genetic relationships of the species related to R. tuberosa, biosystematic investigations were made that included field studies, chromosomal and cytological analyses of meiosis, hybridization experiments, and chromatographic comparisons of corolla pigments. These studies have enabled us to gain some insight into the complex relationships of tropical and temperate American species that were largely unsuspected from purely morphological