COMPETITION AND EVOLUTION
COMPETITION AND EVOLUTION
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竞争与进化
DOI：
10.1108/eb046348
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Malcolm Hayward
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Malcolm Hayward
竞争力是推动变革的力量，这一经典案例是查尔斯·达尔文在《物种起源：自然选择》（1859）中提出的。适应，即成功地对变化的环境作出反应的能力，解释了自然界的多样性。长嘴鸟能够更好地潜入浅泻湖的表面下觅食;某些雀类的尖锐，坚硬，短喙使它们能够破碎坚果和种子。达尔文对自然的阅读，如此迅速地流行，同时又如此有争议，完全符合世纪科学思想的目标。将变化的原因追溯到固定的逻辑模式，使科学家能够从进化方程中删除非客观元素。诸如价值、勇气或美德之类的问题，除非具有生存价值，否则在分析体系中没有地位。
The classic case for competitiveness as a force driving change was made by Charles Darwin in The Origin of Species by Natural Selection (1859). Adaptation, the ability to react successfully to a changed environment, accounts for multiplicity in the world of nature. Long billed birds are better able to dip beneath the surface of shallow lagoons for their food; the sharp, hard, short beaks of certain finches allow them to crack nuts and seeds. Darwin's reading of nature, so immediately popular and at the same time so controversial, fit well within the goals of nineteenth‐century scientific thought. Tracing the causes of change to fixed, logical patterns allowed scientists to remove non‐objective elements from their equations for evolution. Such issues as value, valor, or virtue held no place in a system of analysis unless they had survival value.