Introduction: Comparing Local Public Sector Reforms: Institutional Policies in Context
Introduction: Comparing Local Public Sector Reforms: Institutional Policies in Context
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DOI：
10.1057/978-1-137-52548-2_1
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kuhlmann, Sabine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bouckaert, Geert;Kuhlmann, Sabine
欧洲各地的地方政府正处于改革活动和力度加大的时期，特别是这一级政府受到不断扩大的全球金融危机和一些国家紧缩政策的影响最为严重。这些改革涉及各种轨道，从新公共管理现代化到地方公共、私营和非营利部门之间服务提供的重组、职能调整、领土合并和地方间合作。许多地方政府已经从NPM型改革转向“不同的东西”，以纠正早期NPM措施的缺陷，一些评论家称之为“后NPM”（见Halligan 2010）。尽管新公共管理/后新公共管理具有重要意义，但欧洲地方政府从来没有只关注这类改革，而是追求各种（部分相互冲突的）改革轨迹。新公共管理改革无疑在一些国家推动了影响深远的体制变革，但在另一些国家却受到批评甚至被忽视。因此，“非NPM措施”，如领土改革，多层次系统中的功能重新分配，民主创新，发挥了重要作用，在许多欧洲地方政府系统。这些不同的改革活动有助于改变欧洲的地方政府制度和地方治理模式。
Local governments all over Europe are in a period of increased reform activity and intensity, especially since this level of government has been the most seriously affected by the continuously expanding global financial crisis and the austerity policies in some countries. The reforms involve a variety of trajectories ranging from New Public Management (NPM) modernization to reorganization of service delivery between the local public, private and non-profit sectors, functional re-scaling, territorial consolidation, and inter-local cooperation. Many local governments have significantly shifted away from NPM-type reforms and moved to “something different” in order to correct the shortcomings of earlier NPM measures, which some commentators have labeled “post-NPM” (see Halligan 2010). The significance of NPM/post-NPM notwithstanding, European local governments have never concentrated solely on reforms of these kinds but have pursued a variety of (partly conflicting) reform trajectories. NPM reforms have undoubtedly prompted far-reaching institutional changes in some countries, yet in other countries they have been criticized or even ignored. Hence, “other-than-NPM measures” such as territorial reforms, functional re-allocations in the multi-level system, and democratic innovations have played an important role in many European local government systems. These diverse reform activities have contributed to transforming local government systems and patterns of local governance in Europe.