Risk and Protective Factors at Age 16: Psychological Adjustment in Children With a Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Risk and Protective Factors at Age 16: Psychological Adjustment in Children With a Cleft Lip and/or Palate
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DOI：
10.1597/14-063
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kvalem, Ingela Lundin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Feragen, Kristin Billaud;Stock, Nicola Marie;Kvalem, Ingela Lundin
目的：从广泛的角度探索16岁时有裂缝的青少年的心理功能，包括认知，情感，行为，外观相关和心理社会调整。高危人群确定在每个领域的调整，调查是否发现跨域或风险是否仅限于特定领域的adjustment.Methods：横断面数据的基础上，在16岁（N = 857）的心理评估。性别，裂缝的可见性，并存在一个额外的条件的影响进行了调查的所有结果变量。结果进行了比较，与大型national samples.Measures：霍普金斯症状自评量表，哈特自我认知量表青少年，儿童体验问卷，和满意度与Appearance scale.Results：跨域的心理调整的主要影响因素是性别，与女孩一般报告更多的心理问题，在参考组。附加条件的存在也对某些措施产生了不利影响。除了对外观不满意外，没有发现支持裂缝可见度作为风险因素。风险群体的相关性分析似乎指出了社会和情感风险之间的关联，以及社会风险和对外表的不满之间的关联。其他领域之间的关联被认为是weak.Conclusions：结果点的风险和实力在出生的唇腭裂和/或腭裂的青少年领域。未来的研究应该调查保护因素如何抵消唇腭裂青少年的潜在风险。
Objective: Explore psychological functioning in adolescents with a cleft at age 16 from a broad perspective, including cognitive, emotional, behavioral, appearance-related, and psychosocial adjustment. High-risk groups were identified within each area of adjustment to investigate whether vulnerable adolescents were found across domains or whether risk was limited to specific areas of adjustment.Methods: Cross-sectional data based on psychological assessments at age 16 (N = 857). The effect of gender, cleft visibility, and the presence of an additional condition were investigated on all outcome variables. Results were compared with large national samples.Measures: Hopkins Symptom Checklist, Harter Self-Perception Scale for Adolescents, Child Experience Questionnaire, and Satisfaction With Appearance scale.Results: The main factor influencing psychological adjustment across domains was gender, with girls in general reporting more psychological problems, as seen in reference groups. The presence of an additional condition also negatively affected some of the measures. No support was found for cleft visibility as a risk factor except for dissatisfaction with appearance. Correlation analyses of risk groups seem to point to an association between social and emotional risk and between social risk and dissatisfaction with appearance. Associations between other domains were found to be weak.Conclusions: The results point to areas of both risk and strength in adolescents born with a cleft lip and/or palate. Future research should investigate how protective factors could counteract potential risk in adolescents with a cleft.