Variance component analysis of body mass in a wild population of deer (Odocoileus virginianus): results from two decades of research
Variance component analysis of body mass in a wild population of deer (Odocoileus virginianus): results from two decades of research
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野生鹿群（Odocoileus virginianus）体重的方差成分分析：二十年研究的结果
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
S. Harju
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作者：
Stephen L. Webb;K. Gee;R. Deyoung;S. Harju
抽象语境。大型脊椎动物的捕获-再捕获数据的长期研究是稀缺的，即使长期的生态学研究是必要的，以了解数量遗传学和进化过程，可以应用作为管理计划的一部分。目标。目的是（1）划分体重变化的组成部分，以了解个体发育过程中环境变化对性别的不同影响，更好地规定生境改善项目，（2）估计重复性，以评估体重选择的潜力。方法.我们使用了23年的数据集（1983-2005年）的捕获-再捕获记录的野生白尾鹿（Odocoileus virginianus）估计方差和重复性的身体质量的组件。我们使用了一种动物模型方法，该方法采用一般线性混合模型和限制性最大似然法来调整年龄效应（即固定效应），并将总表型方差划分为非个体（即鹿）、永久环境（即出生年份）和临时环境（即测量年份和残差）效应（均建模为随机效应）。关键成果。我们发现，身体质量随着年龄的增长，在两种性别，身体质量的重复性为0.595女性和0.716男性，和个体差异是更有影响力的身体质量比永久性和暂时性的环境效应相结合。出生年份是更重要的男性比女性，但改变过程中的个体发育的两性。年的测量并没有影响后车辙男性的体重，但有助于女性的体重变化。结论.这些长期数据提供了对影响鹿体质量的变异来源的见解，这可用于了解变异的环境来源如何影响表型性状，以及制定管理计划和做出选择决策。影响。可重复性的知识（作为遗传力的上限）可以用来做出与选择，淘汰和育种有关的管理决策，而了解环境影响可以导致更好的管理建议（例如栖息地改善项目）。
Abstract Context. Long-term studies of large, vertebrate mammals using capture–recapture data are scarce, even though long-term ecological studies are requisite to understanding quantitative genetics and evolutionary processes that can be applied as part of management programs. Aims. Objectives were to (1) partition components of variation in body mass to understand the differential effects of environmental variation on the sexes during ontogeny, to better prescribe habitat-improvement projects, and (2) estimate repeatability to assess potential for selection on body mass. Methods. We used a 23-year dataset (1983–2005) of capture–recapture records of wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to estimate components of variance and repeatability of body mass. We used an animal-model approach that employed the use of general linear mixed models and restricted maximum likelihood to adjust for the effects of age (i.e. fixed effect), and to partition the total phenotypic variance into among-individual (i.e. the deer), permanent environmental (i.e. year of birth) and temporary environmental (i.e. year of measurement and residual) effects (all modelled as random effects). Key results. We found that body mass increased with age in both sexes, repeatability of body mass was 0.595 for females and 0.716 for males, and among-individual variation was more influential on body mass than were permanent and temporary environmental effects combined. Year of birth was more important in males than females, but changed during the course of ontogeny for both sexes. Year of measurement did not influence post-rut body mass in males, but did contribute to variation in body mass of females. Conclusions. These long-term data offer insights into the sources of variation that influence body mass of deer, which can be used to understand how environmental sources of variation influence phenotypic traits, and for developing management plans and making selection decisions. Implications. Knowledge of repeatability (as an upper limit to heritability) can be used to make management decisions related to selection, culling and breeding, whereas understanding environmental effects can lead to better management recommendations (e.g. habitat-improvement projects).