Psychophysiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Psychophysiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
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创伤后应激障碍的心理生理学
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4612-3524-8_96
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
S. Orr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Pitman;S. Orr
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的特征是一系列症状，分为三大类1：（a）侵入症状，涉及以各种形式反复出现的对事件的痛苦回忆，包括噩梦和闪回;（B）回避症状，涉及反应麻木和回避与痛苦事件有关的刺激;以及（c）觉醒症状，包括失眠、易怒、难以集中注意力、过度警觉、过度惊吓和（最后但并非最不重要的）“对象征或类似于（创伤）事件的一个方面的事件的生理反应”。可以看出，创伤后应激障碍的诊断主要是基于通过患者自我报告获得的数据，因此，容易受到任何可能有意识或无意识地扭曲口头报告的因素的影响。这一考虑，沿着创伤后应激障碍的索赔往往被重要的赔偿和其他次要的利益考虑所复杂化，导致人们对创伤后应激障碍作为一种精神障碍的有效性2以及（即使其有效性被承认）其在各种压力人群中的真实发病率表示怀疑，例如越南战争的退伍军人。
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by a constellation of symptoms falling into three major categories1: (a) intrusion symptoms, involving recurrent, distressful recollections of the event in various forms, including nightmares and flashbacks; (b) avoidance symptoms, involving numbing of responsiveness and avoidance of stimuli associated with the distressing event; and (c) arousal symptoms, including insomnia, irritability, difficulty concentrating, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle, and (last but not least) “physiological reactivity to events that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the (traumatic) event.” It will be seen that the diagnosis of PTSD is primarily based on data obtained through patient self- report and, as such, is vulnerable to any factors that might consciously or unconsciously distort verbal report. This consideration, along with the fact that claims of PTSD are often complicated by important compensation and other secondary gain considerations, has led to the expression of skepticism about the validity of PTSD as a mental disorder2 and (even if its validity is granted) its true incidence in various stressed populations, such as veterans of the Vietnam conflict.3