Infant rodent ultrasounds - A gate to the understanding of sound communication
Infant rodent ultrasounds - A gate to the understanding of sound communication
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DOI：
10.1007/s10519-004-0853-8
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Ehret, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ehret, G
对基于幼鼠超声发声（USVs）的幼鼠与成年鼠之间的通讯系统组成部分进行了分析。幼鼠在巢外走失时，最常因以下情况变化而发出超声发声：（i）体温，（ii）与成年鼠/同窝幼鼠的接触，（iii）被摆弄，以及（iv）气味。这些变化调节觉醒状态以及情绪/动机状态，从而产生超声发声。超声发声的声学特性似乎反映了觉醒以及情绪/动机变化的程度。成年鼠因感知到超声发声而被唤起，定位发声源，并对发声源表现出趋声性接近。基于成年鼠区分超声发声与其他超声波并将超声发声或其适当模型作为其趋声性接近的首选目标，描述了超声发声在频率和时间域的声学特性。对适当超声发声的偏好性接近受情绪/动机、接收者性别、激素状态、与幼鼠的经验以及大脑的神经递质系统调节。趋声性可被理解为一种照顾幼鼠本能的欲求成分。这种本能的完成行为是找回走失的幼鼠。这种找回行为与超声发声的存在无关，但它闭合了由超声发声的发射所激活的通讯回路。利用超声发声进行的通讯可作为一种工具，用于研究行为控制的遗传和大脑机制。
Components of the communication system between infant and adult rodents based on ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) of infants are analyzed. USVs are most often emitted from a pup lost outside the nest in response to changes of: (i) body temperature, (ii) contact with adults/littermates, (iii) handling, and (iv) smell. These changes modulate the state of arousal and the emotional/motivational states and, as a result, USVs are produced. Acoustic properties of USVs seem to reflect the degrees of changes in arousal and emotion/motivation. Adult rodents are aroused by perceiving the USVs, locate the sender and show a phonotaxic approach to the sender. Acoustic properties of USVs in the frequency and time domains are described based on which adult rodents discriminate the USVs from other ultrasounds and take the USVs or adequate models of them as preferred goals of their phonotaxic approach. The preferred approach to adequate USVs is modulated by emotions/motivations, the sex of the receiver, hormonal states, experience with pups and neurotransmitter systems of the brain. The phonotaxis can be understood as the appetitive component of a pup-caring instinct. The consummatory act of the instinct is the retrieval of the lost pup. This retrieval is independent of USV presence, but it closes the communication loop activated by the emission of USVs. Communication with USVs can be used as a tool to investigate genetic and brain mechanisms of behavioral control.