Domestic animals' fear of humans and its effect on their welfare
Domestic animals' fear of humans and its effect on their welfare
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DOI：
10.1016/s0168-1591(99)00089-1
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发表时间：
1999-12-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
de Passillé, AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rushen, J;Taylor, AA;de Passillé, AM
许多对猪、家禽和奶牛的研究表明，人对家畜的粗暴或厌恶处理会大大降低动物的生产力和福利。产生这种影响的部分原因是动物变得害怕，或者害怕一般的人，或者害怕特定的个体，这是厌恶的处理的结果。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了一些研究，这些研究表明，农场动物受到粗暴或厌恶的处理后，学会了将处理与人联系起来，这种习得的对人的恐惧可能会对生产产生显著影响。尽管在某些情况下，动物对不同的人的行为没有什么不同，但现在许多种类的家畜已经无可争辩地表现出识别个体的能力。动物习得的对人类个体的恐惧会显著影响它们的生产力。例如，在奶牛中，挤奶过程中出现令人厌恶的饲养员可能会减少产奶量，并显著增加剩余乳量。猪似乎使用多种线索来区分人，尽管视觉线索显然很重要。奶牛可以很容易地学会区分穿不同颜色衣服的人，但对它们来说，区分穿相同颜色衣服的人更难。此外，当衣服颜色改变时，奶牛对人的反应会发生显著变化，尽管家禽似乎不是这样。然而，动物对人类的反应可能会受到环境的影响。例如，牛对个体的获得性反应可能会受到它们所在地区的强烈影响。最后，我们就如何利用这些结果来减少农场动物的恐惧提出了一些建议。皇冠版权所有(C)1999由爱思唯尔科学公司出版。保留所有权利。
Many studies on pigs, poultry, and dairy cattle have shown that rough or aversive handling of farm animals by people can substantially reduce the animals' productivity and welfare. Some of this effect occurs because the animals become afraid, either of people in general, or of specific individuals as a result of aversive handling. In this paper, we review a number of studies showing that farm animals handled roughly or aversively learn to associate the handling with people, and that this learned fear of people can have marked effects on production. The ability to recognize individual people has now been shown indisputably for many species of farm animals, although under some circumstances, animals do not behave differently to different people. Animals' learned fear of individual people can markedly affect their productivity. For example, in dairy cattle, the presence of an aversive handler during milking can reduce milk yield and substantially increase residual milk. Pigs appear to use multiple cues to distinguish people, although visual cues are clearly important. Cows can readily learn to distinguish between people wearing different colour clothes, but it is more difficult for them to distinguish between people wearing the same colour. Furthermore, cows' responses to people change markedly when clothing colour is changed, although this does not seem to be true for poultry. However, animals' responses to people can be affected by the context. For example, cattle's learned responses to individuals can be strongly affected by the place they are in. We finish with some suggestions as to how these results can be used to reduce fear in farm animals. Crown copyright (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.