Microsatellite diversity of the Nordic type of goats in relation to breed conservation: how relevant is pure ancestry?
Microsatellite diversity of the Nordic type of goats in relation to breed conservation: how relevant is pure ancestry?
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DOI：
10.1111/jbg.12226
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Oldenbroek, K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lenstra, J. A.;Tigchelaar, J.;Oldenbroek, K.
在过去的几十年里，一些濒临灭绝的牲畜品种已经得到有效的恢复。然而，荷兰和丹麦长白羊的成功复兴涉及与外来品种杂交，因此目前种群的祖先尚不清楚。我们已经产生了27个粮农组织推荐的这些地方品种和三个表型相似的北欧型地方品种的微卫星基因型，并将这些品种与中欧，地中海和西南亚山羊进行比较。我们发现，随着距离西南亚驯化地点的距离增加，遗传多样性水平逐渐降低，东南向西北的渐变群明显比地中海东西向渐变群更陡峭。在遗传多样性方面，荷兰长白猪仅次于孤立的冰岛品种，其多样性极低。挪威沿海山羊和芬兰及冰岛的地方品种显然是相关的。看来，由于混合起源和人口瓶颈的结合，荷兰和丹麦的土地种族是从其他品种分开。然而，目前荷兰和丹麦的人口与多色和长角的外观有效地取代了原来的品种，说明了文化遗产的保护，品种的表型比纯血统和遗传多样性的原始品种更相关。更一般地说，我们建议，为保护，保留原始品种的遗传多样性和视觉表型的品种是公认的和定义需要分别考虑。
In the last decades, several endangered breeds of livestock species have been re-established effectively. However, the successful revival of the Dutch and Danish Landrace goats involved crossing with exotic breeds and the ancestry of the current populations is therefore not clear. We have generated genotypes for 27 FAO-recommended microsatellites of these landraces and three phenotypically similar Nordic-type landraces and compared these breeds with central European, Mediterranean and south-west Asian goats. We found decreasing levels of genetic diversity with increasing distance from the south-west Asian domestication site with a south-east-to-north-west cline that is clearly steeper than the Mediterranean east-to-west cline. In terms of genetic diversity, the Dutch Landrace comes next to the isolated Icelandic breed, which has an extremely low diversity. The Norwegian coastal goat and the Finnish and Icelandic landraces are clearly related. It appears that by a combination of mixed origin and a population bottleneck, the Dutch and Danish Land-races are separated from the other breeds. However, the current Dutch and Danish populations with the multicoloured and long-horned appearance effectively substitute for the original breed, illustrating that for conservation of cultural heritage, the phenotype of a breed is more relevant than pure ancestry and the genetic diversity of the original breed. More in general, we propose that for conservation, the retention of genetic diversity of an original breed and of the visual phenotype by which the breed is recognized and defined needs to be considered separately.