The Ancient Urban Maya: Neighborhoods, Inequality, and Built Form
The Ancient Urban Maya: Neighborhoods, Inequality, and Built Form
复制标题
古代玛雅城市：邻里、不平等和建筑形式
DOI：
10.1080/00934690.2017.1298250
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Brett A. Houk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brett A. Houk
《不平等和建筑形式》是佛罗里达大学出版社出版的新大陆古城系列的第五本书，也是该系列中研究玛雅城市的第二本书。哈特森的书在很大程度上依赖于他自己从北部低地玛雅遗址Chunchucmil获得的数据，但也转向了来自玛雅地区其他地方以及墨西哥中部高地和南美洲的案例研究，从主要是社会考古学的角度来研究玛雅城市。这本书的中心问题是，为什么古代玛雅人选择住在城市，因为这样做会带来社会和健康问题，而农村生活则不会。为了回答这个问题，哈特森借鉴了广泛的学科(考古学、人类学、经济学、语言学、艺术史、社会学、神经科学和生态心理学)的方法和工具，并研究了迫使一些古代玛雅人选择城市生活的自上而下和自下而上的因素。就背景而言，他的研究在最近关于古代城市和都市主义的文献中处于很好的位置，这表明他引用了亚当·T·史密斯、迈克尔·E·史密斯和莫妮卡·L·史密斯的最新著作，但作为这本书的前言和他两人的笔记，哈特森从芝加哥社会学学派的旧思想中寻找灵感，特别是为了理解城市生活的社会方面。第一章不仅向读者介绍了这本书，还向读者介绍了哈特森如何在整本书中组织他的论点、数据和结论。在这一章中，哈特森向读者展示了书中的核心问题和它试图回答的问题-为什么住在城市？并提供了定义，哈特森在接下来的章节中经常提到这些定义。其中最主要的是城市和城市的定义。第一章还介绍了可能使玛雅城市具有吸引力的城市景点：社区、多样性、建筑形式和经济。这些景点中的每一个都可以进行考古研究，并在接下来的章节中进行探索。然而，这里值得一提的是多样性，因为它是贯穿全书的一个重复的主题。哈特森将多重性美化为“与陌生人的非结构化接触”[第21页]。
Inequality, and Built Form is the fifth book in University Press of Florida’s Ancient Cities of the New World series and the second book in that series to examine Maya cities. Hutson’s book relies heavily on his own data from the northern lowland Maya site of Chunchucmil, but also turns to case studies from elsewhere in the Maya area as well as the central Mexican highlands and South America to examine Maya cities from a primarily social archaeology approach. The central question that permeates the volume is why the ancient Maya chose to live in cities when doing so invited social and health problems that rural living did not. To answer this question Hutson draws on approaches and tools from a wide range of disciplines (archaeology, anthropology, economics, linguistics, art history, sociology, neuroscience, and ecological psychology) and looks at both topdown and bottom-up factors that compelled some ancient Maya to choose city life. Contextually, his study is well situated in the recent literature on ancient cities and urbanism, which shows in his citations of recent works by Adam T. Smith, Michael E. Smith, and Monica L. Smith, but, as the forward to the volume and he both note, Hutson turns to older ideas from the Chicago school of sociology for inspiration, particularly for understanding the social aspect of urban life.Chapter 1 introduces the reader to not only the volume, but also to how Hutson organizes his arguments, data, and conclusions throughout the book. In this chapter, Hutson presents the reader with the central issues in the book and the question it proposes to answer—why live in cities?—and provides definitions to which Hutson returns frequently in subsequent chapters. Chief among these are the definitions of city and urban. Chapter 1 also introduces urban attractions that may have made Maya cities appealing: neighborhoods, multiplicity, built form, and economy. Each of these attractions can be studied archaeologically and are explored in subsequent chapters. Multiplicity is worth mentioning here, however, because it is a repeated theme throughout the book. Hutson glosses multiplicity “as unstructured contact with strangers”[p. 21].