Remembering and knowing: two different expressions of declarative memory.
Remembering and knowing: two different expressions of declarative memory.
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DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.21.3.699
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发表时间：
1995-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. J. Knowlton;Larry R. Squire
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. J. Knowlton;Larry R. Squire
健忘症患者和对照组在学习单词10min后进行再认测试。对于每个被识别的单词，参与者指出他们是记住了它(R)，还是仅仅是他们知道这个单词出现了，但没有回忆(K)。患者的R反应和K反应均受损，表现与1周后测试的对照组相似。另一对照组在研究后10min和1周进行测试。最初引发R反应，后来引发K反应的词的比例超过了K反应转变为R反应的比例。如果最初引起R反应的项目也能引起K反应，那么这些数据就被考虑在内。我们的结论是，R-K差异并不反映外显记忆和内隐记忆的运作，而是反映了陈述性记忆的差异。因此，K反应依赖于健忘症中受损的大脑结构；R反应依赖于这些相同的结构，也依赖于额叶来获取背景信息。
Amnesic patients and a control group were given a recognition test 10 min after studying words. For each recognized word, participants indicated whether they remembered it (R) or whether simply they knew that the word was presented but had no recollections about it (K). The patients were impaired for both R and K responses, performing like a control group tested after 1 week. Another control group was tested both 10 min and 1 week after study. The proportion of words initially eliciting an R response and later eliciting a K response exceeded the proportion of K responses that shifted to R responses. These data are accounted for if items initially eliciting R responses can also elicit K responses. We conclude that the R-K distinction does not reflect the operation of explicit and implicit memory but reflects instead a distinction within declarative memory. Thus, K responses depend on brain structures damaged in amnesia; R responses depend on these same structures and also on the frontal lobes for contextual information.