Office-Based Care for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth
Office-Based Care for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth
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DOI：
10.1542/peds.2013-1283
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发表时间：
2013-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Levine, David A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levine, David A.
美国儿科学会上一次就同性恋和青少年发表声明是在2004年。这份技术报告反映了迅速扩大的关于性少数青年的医学和心理社会文献。儿科医生应该意识到，他们照顾的一些青少年可能对他们的性取向或兄弟姐妹、朋友、父母、亲戚或其他人的性取向有担忧或问题，并应以保密的方式提供事实、最新、非评判的信息。尽管大多数女同性恋者、男同性恋者、双性恋者、变性人和追问(LGBTQ)的年轻人都很有弹性，并在青春期后成为健康的成年人，但同性恋恐惧症和异性恋的影响可能会增加性少数群体青年的心理健康问题。与异性恋青少年相比，LGBTQ和MSM/WSW(男性与男性和女性与女性发生性行为)青少年抑郁和自杀意念的发生率更高，药物滥用的比率更高，性行为的危险性更高。获得全面的、保密的、适合发展的青少年心理社会史，可以发现优势和资产以及风险。儿科医生的办公室应该对青少年友好，并欢迎性少数族裔年轻人。这包括拥有支持的、积极参与的办公室工作人员，他们确保没有护理障碍。对于变性人青年，儿科医生应该提供机会，承认和确认他们对性别焦虑症的感觉，并希望过渡到异性。将跨性别者青年转介给合格的心理健康专业人员，对于帮助他们克服焦虑症、教育他们并评估他们为过渡做好准备至关重要。在适当的援助和照顾下，性少数群体青年应该过上健康、富有成效的生活，同时过渡到青春期和青壮年。
The American Academy of Pediatrics issued its last statement on homosexuality and adolescents in 2004. This technical report reflects the rapidly expanding medical and psychosocial literature about sexual minority youth. Pediatricians should be aware that some youth in their care may have concerns or questions about their sexual orientation or that of siblings, friends, parents, relatives, or others and should provide factual, current, nonjudgmental information in a confidential manner. Although most lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth are quite resilient and emerge from adolescence as healthy adults, the effects of homophobia and heterosexism can contribute to increased mental health issues for sexual minority youth. LGBTQ and MSM/WSW (men having sex with men and women having sex with women) adolescents, in comparison with heterosexual adolescents, have higher rates of depression and suicidal ideation, higher rates of substance abuse, and more risky sexual behaviors. Obtaining a comprehensive, confidential, developmentally appropriate adolescent psychosocial history allows for the discovery of strengths and assets as well as risks. Pediatricians should have offices that are teen-friendly and welcoming to sexual minority youth. This includes having supportive, engaging office staff members who ensure that there are no barriers to care. For transgender youth, pediatricians should provide the opportunity to acknowledge and affirm their feelings of gender dysphoria and desires to transition to the opposite gender. Referral of transgender youth to a qualified mental health professional is critical to assist with the dysphoria, to educate them, and to assess their readiness for transition. With appropriate assistance and care, sexual minority youth should live healthy, productive lives while transitioning through adolescence and young adulthood.