Membrane separation in green chemical processing - Solvent nanofiltration in liquid phase organic synthesis reactions
Membrane separation in green chemical processing - Solvent nanofiltration in liquid phase organic synthesis reactions
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb05996.x
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dos Santos, LMF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Livingston, A;Peeva, L;Dos Santos, LMF
本文介绍了将溶剂纳滤应用于液相有机合成反应的设想和初步实验结果。用于有机溶剂纳米过滤的膜仅在最近（在20世纪90年代期间）变得可用，并且迄今为止，主要应用于食品加工（特别是植物油加工）和精炼工艺。在有机合成中的应用，即使在实验室可行性水平上，也很少。然而，这些膜具有通过减少对复杂溶剂处理操作的需要来改善许多液相合成反应的环境性能的巨大潜力。显示为可行的实例是溶剂交换，其中期望在复杂合成中的单独阶段之间将高分子量分子从一种溶剂交换到另一种溶剂，以及均相催化剂的再循环和再利用。在溶剂交换中，纳米过滤显示出提供了从高沸点溶剂交换到具有较低沸点的溶剂的快速且有效的手段-这是通过蒸馏进行的困难操作。溶剂纳滤被证明能够分离两种不同类型的均相催化剂，相转移催化剂和有机金属催化剂，从它们各自的反应产物。在这两种情况下，有机溶剂纳滤的应用允许相同催化剂的多次重复使用。催化剂的稳定性被证明是这种技术是有效的基本要求。最后，我们提出了一个讨论的放大方面，包括膜通量和工艺经济。
This paper describes ideas together with preliminary experimental results for applying solvent nanofiltration to liquid phase organic synthesis reactions. Membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration have only recently (during the 1990s) become available and, to date, have been applied primarily to food processing (vegetable oil processing, in particular) and refinery processes. Applications to organic synthesis, even at a laboratory feasibility level, are few. However, these membranes have great potential to improve the environmental performance of many liquid phase synthesis reactions by reducing the need for complex solvent handling operations. Examples that are shown to be feasible are solvent exchanges, where it is desired to swap a high molecular weight molecule from one solvent to another between separate stages in a complex synthesis, and recycle and reuse of homogeneous catalysts. In solvent exchanges, nanofiltration is shown to provide a fast and effective means of swapping from a high boiling point solvent to a solvent with a lower boiling point-this is a difficult operation by means of distillation. Solvent nanofiltration is shown to be able to separate two distinct types of homogeneous catalysts, phase transfer catalysts and organometallic catalysts, from their respective reaction products. In both cases the application of organic solvent nanoflltration allows several reuses of the same catalyst. Catalyst stability is shown to be an essential requirement for this technique to be effective. Finally, we present a discussion of scale-up aspects including membrane flux and process economics.