Begging for information: Mother-offspring food sharing among wild Bornean orangutans
Begging for information: Mother-offspring food sharing among wild Bornean orangutans
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DOI：
10.1002/ajp.20525
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Van Schaik, Carel P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jaeggi, Adrian V.;Van Noordwijk, Maria A.;Van Schaik, Carel P.
从母亲或其他成年人转移固体食物到依赖的后代是常见的，在各种灵长类动物物种和营养和信息的好处已被提出来解释这种食物共享的功能。从这些假设的预测进行了测试，使用观测数据的野生猩猩（Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii）在端南，婆罗洲中部，印度尼西亚。在1145小时的重点观察和458个记录的食物之间的相互作用的四对女性与后代发现，几乎所有的转移都是由后代发起的，年轻的婴儿更经常地要求食物，这样做的项目比年龄大的后代更多。所有的后代都主要要求难以加工的食物，即，无法接近他们。此外，觅食量与生态能力呈负相关。因此，食物分享似乎与后代的技能水平有关，正如信息假说所建议的那样。与此相反，后代并没有要求高质量的项目比低质量的项目和食物分享没有高峰期断奶的年龄，预测的营养假说。母亲通常是被动的宽容，允许后代采取食物，但几乎从来没有提供。亲子冲突有关的食物分享，只有观察断奶后。因此，通过直接从母亲那里获取食物，年轻的猩猩能够获得有关食物的可供性和营养价值的信息，这些信息是他们无法获得的，并且可以熟悉母亲的饮食。在猩猩或其他猿类等物种中，其特征是广泛的饮食，需要提取觅食，信息食物转移可能对未成熟的获得复杂的喂养技能和成年饮食至关重要。
Transfer of solid food from mothers or other adults to dependent offspring is commonly observed in various primate species and both nutritional and informational benefits have been proposed to explain the function of such food sharing. Predictions from these hypotheses are tested using observational data on wild orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) at Tuanan, Central Borneo, Indonesia. In 1, 145 hr of focal observation and 458 recorded food interactions between four pairs of females with offspring it was found that virtually all transfers were initiated by the offspring and that younger infants solicited food more often and did so for a greater variety of items than older offspring. All offspring primarily solicited food that was difficult to process, i.e., inaccessible to them. Furthermore, the amount of food solicitation was negatively correlated with ecological competence. Hence food sharing seemed to be related to an offspring's skill level, as suggested by the informational hypothesis. In contrast, offspring did not solicit high-quality items more than low-quality items and food sharing did not peak around the age of weaning, as predicted by the nutritional hypothesis. Mothers were usually passively tolerant, allowing offspring to take food but hardly ever provisioned. Parent-offspring conflict concerning food sharing was only observed well after weaning. Thus, by taking food directly from the mother, young orangutans were able to obtain information about the affordances and nutritional value of food items that were otherwise out of their reach and could familiarize themselves with the mother's diet. In species such as orangutans or other apes, characterized by a broad diet that requires extractive foraging, informational food transfer may be vital for an immature to acquire complex feeding skills and adult diet.