Pathology and morphology of Ichthyophonus hoferi in naturally infected fishes off the Swedish west coast
Pathology and morphology of Ichthyophonus hoferi in naturally infected fishes off the Swedish west coast
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DOI：
10.3354/dao034109
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发表时间：
1998-10-08
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Rahimian, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rahimian, H
在来自瑞典西海岸的自然感染的大西洋鲱鱼 Clupea harengus、鲱鱼 Sprattus sprattus 和比目鱼 Pleuronectes flesus 中研究了 Ichthyophonus hoferi 的病理学和形态学。在所有检查的器官中都发现了病原体，不同鱼类的不同器官的感染强度有所不同。确定了感染寄生虫生命的两个主要阶段：“主动”和“被动”，后者能够切换到主动。鲱鱼感染的活跃期通常表现为体形消瘦、肠道脂肪急剧减少、躯体肌肉消瘦、内脏器官肿胀、肉质质量差、有明显的臭味。鲱鱼和比目鱼鱼鳞病最典型的宏观症状是心脏上出现乳白色结节。感染引起慢性全身肉芽肿性炎症。肉芽肿性炎症的性质是宿主和组织依赖性的。寄生虫活性形式的致病性和宿主防御细胞的副作用也反映在受感染器官的严重组织损伤和结构和功能丧失上。鉴定出三种孢子：“未发育孢子”、“发育孢子”和“疟原虫孢子”。来自疟原虫孢子的“疟原虫”的形成和传播作为继发感染剂已被记录。透射电子显微镜显示 I. hoferi 是多核的，含有不同的细胞器和结构。这些包括细胞壁、起伏的细胞膜、薄的壁旁内质、内质网、具有短管泡嵴的多态性但通常为球形的线粒体、具有板状嵴的网状体、大的电子致密脂滴和电子透明液泡，可能含有糖原。
The pathology and morphology of Ichthyophonus hoferi was studied in naturally infected Atlantic herring Clupea harengus, in sprat Sprattus sprattus, and in flounder Pleuronectes flesus from the west coast of Sweden. The pathogen was found in all organs examined, with the intensity of infection varying in different organs of the different fish species. Two main phases in the Life of infecting parasites were identified, 'active' and 'passive', the latter being able to switch to active. The active phase of the infection in herring was usually accompanied by a lean and slender appearance of the body, a drastic decrease in intestinal fat, emaciation of the somatic muscles, swelling of the visceral organs, poor quality of flesh texture and a distinctive off-odour. The most characteristic macroscopic sign of ichthyophonosis in herring and flounder was the occurrence of creamy white nodules on the heart. The infection causes a chronic systemic granulomatous inflammation. The nature of the granulomatous inflammation was host- and tissue-dependent. The pathogenicity of the parasite in its active form and the side effects of host defence cells were also reflected in dramatic tissue damage and loss of structure and function of the infected organs. Three kinds of spores were identified: 'un-developing spore', 'developing spore' and 'plasmodio-spore'. The formation and spread of 'plasmodia', from plasmodio-spores, as a secondary infection agent is documented. Transmission electron microscopy revealed I. hoferi to be multinucleated, containing different organelles and structures. These included a cell wall, an undulating cell membrane, a thin paramural endoplasm, an endoplasmic reticulum, polymorphic but usually spherical mitochondria with short tubulo-vesicular cristae, dictyosomes with plate-like cristernae, large electron-dense lipid droplets and electron-lucid vacuoles, probably containing glycogen.