Plasma immersion ion implantation of stainless steel: Austenitic stainless steel in comparison to austenitic-ferritic stainless steel
Plasma immersion ion implantation of stainless steel: Austenitic stainless steel in comparison to austenitic-ferritic stainless steel
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DOI：
10.1016/0257-8972(96)02880-0
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发表时间：
1996-11-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Knoop, FM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blawert, C;Weisheit, A;Knoop, FM
先前文献中已经表明，等离子体浸没离子注入（PIII）可以提高奥氏体不锈钢的耐磨性而不损失其耐腐蚀性。在这项工作中，PIII处理对奥氏体（X6 CrNiTi 1810，AISI 321）和双相铁素体-铁素体（X2 CrNiMoN 2253，AISI 318）不锈钢的组织和性能的影响进行了研究，并对结果进行了比较。采用三种不同的处理温度和处理时间，通过光学金相和X射线衍射（XRD）分析了其显微组织。在两种钢中观察到膨胀奥氏体的形成，直至400摄氏度的处理温度。铁素体-铁素体双相钢中的铁素体也转变为膨胀奥氏体。在500 ℃下，在双相奥氏体-铁素体钢上形成由CrN组成的表面层，而奥氏体钢上的改性层仍然是具有少量CrN沉淀的膨胀奥氏体。溅射中性质谱（SNMS）分析表明，两种材料在400 ℃以下的处理深度相似，是处理温度和时间的函数。观察到磨损行为的变化，磨损深度相对于未处理的材料减小。这是由于表面硬度的增加和摩擦系数的降低。磨损深度的减少与改性层的厚度相关。在500摄氏度的处理温度下发现双相铁素体-铁素体钢的最佳结果，并且可以归因于CrN层的形成。腐蚀测试表明，两种材料在高达400摄氏度的温度下都保持了良好的耐腐蚀性，仅观察到小幅下降。这是由于氮保留在固溶体中而没有CrN沉淀。当处理温度为500 ℃时，不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能急剧下降，尤其是双相铁素体-铁素体不锈钢，在其表面形成了一层CrN层。这些结果表明，PIII处理能够提高这些不锈钢的耐磨性，同时又不丧失其良好的耐腐蚀性能。这可以允许在未处理材料的较差耐磨性通常会禁止其使用的应用中使用此类钢。与奥氏体钢相比，双相铁素体-铁素体钢在PIII处理后表现更好。为了获得最佳的表面处理效果，必须考虑基材材料和处理参数。
It has been shown previously in the literature that plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) can increase the wear resistance of austenitic stainless steel without losing its corrosion resistance. In this work, the effect of PIII treatment on the microstructure and the properties of an austenitic (X6CrNiTi1810, AISI 321) and a duplex austenitic-ferritic (X2CrNiMoN2253, AISI 318) stainless steel has been studied and the results compared. Three different treatment temperatures and treatment times were used.The microstructures were studied by optical metallography and glancing angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). The formation of expanded austenite was observed in both steels up to treatment temperatures of 400 degrees C. The ferrite in the duplex austenitic-ferritic steel was also transformed to expanded austenite. At 500 degrees C, a surface layer consisting of CrN was formed on the duplex austenitic-ferritic steel whereas the modified layer on the austenitic steel was still expanded austenite with a small amount of CrN precipitation. Elemental depth profiling by sputtered neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS) revealed a similar treatment depth for both materials up to 400 degrees C, which was a function of treatment temperature and time.A pin on disc tribometer was used to determine the tribological behaviour. A change in the wear behaviour was observed and the wear depth decreased relative to untreated material. This was due to an increase in the surface hardness and a decrease in the coefficient of friction. The decrease in wear depth correlated with the thickness of the modified layer. The best results were found with the duplex austenitic-ferritic steel at a treatment temperature of 500 degrees C and can be attributed to the formation of a CrN layer. Corrosion tests have shown that good corrosion resistance was preserved up to 400 degrees C for both materials with only a small decrease being observed. This is due to nitrogen remaining in solid solution without CrN-precipitation. At a treatment temperature of 500 degrees C, the corrosion resistance decreased dramatically, especially for the duplex austenitic-ferritic steel where a layer of CrN was formed.These results show the capability of PIII treatment to increase the wear resistance of these stainless steels without losing their good corrosion performance. This may allow the use of such steels in applications where the poor wear resistance of the untreated material would normally prohibit their use. In comparison to the austenitic steel, the duplex austenitic-ferritic steel performed better after PIII treatment. For an optimum surface treatment, it is necessary to consider the substrate material as well as the treatment parameters.