Neurotransmitters in the carotid body.
Neurotransmitters in the carotid body.
复制标题
颈动脉体中的神经递质。
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4615-2572-1_6
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Prabhakar,NR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Prabhakar,NR
最基本的生理刺激之一是氧气，或者更恰当地说是缺氧，即，缺氧颈动脉体是监测动脉血氧的主要感觉器官，这一发现为呼吸生理学开辟了新的视角。化学感受器器官在形态上类似于小型化的大脑。它由I型（也称为球）细胞组成，这些细胞起源于神经嵴并含有神经递质。血管球细胞与传入神经末梢功能性接触;而II型（或支持）细胞类似于神经胶质。目前，认为I型细胞是缺氧刺激的初始转换器。转导机制可能涉及生物化学或生物物理过程（阿克，1989;比斯科和杜辰，1990;菲多内和冈萨雷斯，1986）。另一方面，神经化学物质对于颈动脉体中的感觉传递是必不可少的（Fidone & Gonzalez，1986; Prabhakar，1992）。普遍的共识是，响应于低O2球细胞释放神经化学物质，其作用于附近的传入神经末梢以增加感觉放电（Biscoe & Duchen，1990; Fidone & Gonzalez，1986; Prabhakar，1992）。血管球细胞被赋予了几种类型的化学物质，在神经系统的其他地方起着传递器或调节器的作用。这些包括生物胺、神经肽和一氧化氮（NO）和一氧化碳（CO）。这些神经化学物质中的一些共存于同一血管球细胞内（Wang等人，1992 b），并且可能在缺氧期间共同释放。鉴于此，缺氧释放“单一”神经化学物质的概念可能不再成立。
One of the most fundamental physiological stimuli is oxygen, or more appropriately the lack of oxygen, i.e., hypoxia. The discovery that the carotid bodies are the principal sensory organs for monitoring the arterial oxygen opened new perspectives in respiratory physiology. The chemoreceptor organ morphologically resembles a miniaturized brain. It is comprised of type I (also called glomus) cells that are of neural crest origin and contain neurotransmitters. Glomus cells are in functional contact with afferent nerve endings; whereas the type II (or sustentacular) cells resemble glia. Currently, it is believed that the type I cells are the initial transducers of the hypoxic stimuli. Transduction mechanism(s) may involve biochemical or biophysical processes (Acker, 1989; Biscoe & Duchen, 1990; Fidone & Gonzalez, 1986). Neurochemical(s), on the other hand, are essential for sensory transmission in the carotid body (Fidone & Gonzalez, 1986; Prabhakar, 1992). The general consensus is that in response to low O2glomus cells release neurochemical(s), which act on the nearby afferent nerve ending to increase the sensory discharge (Biscoe & Duchen, 1990; Fidone & Gonzalez, 1986; Prabhakar, 1992). Glomus cells are endowed with several types of chemicals that function as transmitters or modulators else where in the nervous system. These include biogenic amines, neuropeptides and nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Some of these neurochemicals co-exist within the same glomus cell (Wang et al., 1992b), and perhaps co-released during hypoxia. In view of this, the notion that hypoxia releases a “single” neurochemical, perhaps is no longer tenable.