End-of-life vehicle recycling : state of the art of resource recovery from shredder residue.-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.2172/1010492

发表时间：

2007-03

期刊：

影响因子：

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

其他

文献类型：

作者：

B. Jody;E. Daniels;C. Duranceau;J. Pomykala;J. Spangenberger

全世界每年有超过 2500 万辆汽车达到使用寿命，并且由于道路上的车辆数量迅速增加，这一数字正在迅速增加。在美国，每年10-1500万辆报废汽车中，95%以上进入综合回收基础设施，其中包括汽车零部件回收/拆解商、再制造商和材料回收商（粉碎机）。如今，超过 75% 的汽车材料（主要是金属）通过 (1) 零件再利用和零部件再制造以及 (2) 最终通过废料加工（粉碎）行业进行回收，从而实现盈利。废品加工商从汽车中回收金属废料的过程包括粉碎废弃的汽车车身以及其他废弃的含金属产品（例如白色家电、工业废料和拆除碎片），并从粉碎的材料中回收金属。钢铁行业回收黑色金属废料的最大单一来源是废弃汽车。从切碎的材料中回收金属后剩余的非金属部分（通常称为切碎机残渣）约占车辆重量的 25%，并在垃圾填埋场进行处置。这种做法不环保，浪费宝贵的资源，而且可能变得不经济。更多 » 因此，它是不可持续的。在过去的 15-20 年里，为了提高报废车辆的回收率，人们进行了大量的研究和开发，包括增强拆解技术和改进再制造业务。然而，大部分努力都集中在开发从粉碎机残渣中分离和回收非金属材料（例如聚合物）的技术。为了使未来的车辆更加节能，更多的轻量化材料——主要是聚合物、聚合物复合材料、高强度钢和铝——将被用于制造这些车辆。与回收的金属百分比相比，许多这些材料增加了必须处理的粉碎机残留物的百分比。此外，道路上的混合动力汽车和电动汽车的数量正在迅速增加。这一趋势还将引入在使用寿命结束时进行处置的新材料，包括电池。因此，随着汽车材料和系统复杂性的增加，将需要新技术来维持和最大化这些材料和系统的最终回收。阿贡国家实验室（阿贡），车辆回收合作伙伴有限责任公司。 (VRP) 美国汽车研究委员会有限责任公司。 (USCAR) 和美国化学理事会塑料分部 (ACC-PD) 正在致力于开发从报废车辆中回收材料的技术，包括从粉碎机残留物中分离和回收聚合物和残留金属。世界各地的其他几个组织也在致力于开发从粉碎机残渣中回收材料的技术。如果没有商业上可行的破碎机行业，我们的国家和世界将很可能面临更大的环境挑战和优质废钢供应的减少，从而被迫转向初级矿石来生产成品金属。这将导致能源消耗增加和对环境的破坏加大，包括温室气体排放增加。回收粉碎机残渣中的聚合物、其他有机物和残留金属每年可节省超过 2300 万桶石油。这导致温室气体排放量减少 1200 万吨。本文件回顾了汽车材料回收领域的最新技术。« less

Each year, more than 25 million vehicles reach the end of their service life throughout the world, and this number is rising rapidly because the number of vehicles on the roads is rapidly increasing. In the United States, more than 95% of the 10-15 million scrapped vehicles annually enter a comprehensive recycling infrastructure that includes auto parts recyclers/dismantlers, remanufacturers, and material recyclers (shredders). Today, over 75% of automotive materials, primarily the metals, are profitably recycled via (1) parts reuse and parts and components remanufacturing and (2) ultimately by the scrap processing (shredding) industry. The process by which the scrap processors recover metal scrap from automobiles involves shredding the obsolete automobile hulks, along with other obsolete metal-containing products (such as white goods, industrial scrap, and demolition debris), and recovering the metals from the shredded material. The single largest source of recycled ferrous scrap for the iron and steel industry is obsolete automobiles. The non-metallic fraction that remains after the metals are recovered from the shredded materials - commonly called shredder residue - constitutes about 25% of the weight of the vehicle, and it is disposed of in landfills. This practice is not environmentally friendly, wastes valuable resources, and may become uneconomical.more » Therefore, it is not sustainable. Over the past 15-20 years, a significant amount of research and development has been undertaken to enhance the recycle rate of end-of-life vehicles, including enhancing dismantling techniques and improving remanufacturing operations. However, most of the effort has been focused on developing technology to separate and recover non-metallic materials, such as polymers, from shredder residue. To make future vehicles more energy efficient, more lightweighting materials - primarily polymers, polymer composites, high-strength steels, and aluminum - will be used in manufacturing these vehicles. Many of these materials increase the percentage of shredder residue that must be disposed of, compared with the percentage of metals that are recovered. In addition, the number of hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles on the road is rapidly increasing. This trend will also introduce new materials for disposal at the end of their useful lives, including batteries. Therefore, as the complexity of automotive materials and systems increases, new technologies will be required to sustain and maximize the ultimate recycling of these materials and systems. Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne), the Vehicle Recycling Partnership, LLC. (VRP) of the United States Council for Automotive Research, LLC. (USCAR), and the American Chemistry Council-Plastics Division (ACC-PD) are working to develop technology for recovering materials from end-of-life vehicles, including separating and recovering polymers and residual metals from shredder residue. Several other organizations worldwide are also working on developing technology for recycling materials from shredder residue. Without a commercially viable shredder industry, our nation and the world will most likely face greater environmental challenges and a decreased supply of quality scrap, and thereby be forced to turn to primary ores for the production of finished metals. This will result in increased energy consumption and increased damage to the environment, including increased greenhouse gas emissions. The recycling of polymers, other organics, and residual metals in shredder residue saves the equivalent of over 23 million barrels of oil annually. This results in a 12-million-ton reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. This document presents a review of the state-of-the-art in the recycling of automotive materials.« less

End-of-life vehicle recycling : state of the art of resource recovery from shredder residue.

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