The impact of components of fine particulate matter on cardiovascular mortality in susceptible subpopulations
The impact of components of fine particulate matter on cardiovascular mortality in susceptible subpopulations
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DOI：
10.1136/oem.2007.036673
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Lipsett, M. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ostro, B. D.;Feng, W-Y;Lipsett, M. J.
背景资料：几项研究表明，每日死亡率与直径小于2.5微米的环境颗粒物（细颗粒物或PM2.5）之间存在关联。然而，很少有人研究PM2.5成分的相对毒性，包括元素碳和有机碳（分别为EC和OC），硝酸盐和过渡金属。关于PM2.5成分和死亡率之间的关联是否受社会经济和人口统计学因素的影响，也几乎没有什么信息。目的：使用2000年至2003年期间来自加州六个县的数据，在按性别、种族/民族和教育程度分层后，研究每日心血管死亡率与PM2.5及其成分之间的关联。使用时间序列回归分析分析了心血管死亡率每日计数与PM2.5成分的相关性。泊松模型与自然样条用于控制随时间变化的协变量，如季节和天气。在按性别、种族/民族（白色、西班牙裔、黑人）和教育程度（高中毕业与否）分层后运行单独的模型。模型运行为每个县和结果进行了合并使用随机效应meta analysis.Results：每日计数心血管死亡率与PM2.5和它的几个物种，包括EC，OC，硝酸盐，硫酸盐，钾，铜和铁。对于许多这些物种，有显着更高的影响估计那些教育程度较低和西班牙裔个体。例如，虽然从高中毕业的人基本上没有观察到相关性，但PM2.5的几个组成部分的四分位数变化与非高中毕业生每日死亡率增加3-5%相关。结论：有证据表明，PM2.5的几个组成部分可能是心血管死亡率的重要因素。其中许多成分是由机动车辆，特别是柴油发动机和住宅木材燃烧产生的。此外，与低教育程度相关的因素可能会增加对PM2.5及其成分的敏感性。
Background: Several studies have demonstrated associations between daily mortality and ambient particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (fine particles or PM2.5). Few, however, have examined the relative toxicities of PM2.5 constituents, including elemental carbon and organic carbon (EC and OC, respectively), nitrates and transition metals. There is also little information about whether associations between PM2.5 constituents and mortality are modified by socioeconomic and demographic factors.Aim: To examine associations of daily cardiovascular mortality with PM2.5 and its constituents after stratification by gender, race/ethnicity and education, using data from six California counties during 2000 to 2003.Methods: The association of daily counts of cardiovascular mortality with PM2.5 components was analysed using time-series regression analyses. Poisson models with natural splines were used to control for time-varying covariates such as season and weather. Separate models were run after stratification by gender, race/ethnicity (White, Hispanic, Black) and education (high school graduation or not). Models were run for each county and results were combined using random effects meta-analysis.Results: Daily counts of cardiovascular mortality were associated with PM2.5 and several of its species including EC, OC, nitrates, sulphates, potassium, copper and iron. For many of these species, there were significantly higher effect estimates among those with lower educational attainment and Hispanic individuals. For example, while essentially no association was observed for individuals who graduated from high school, an interquartile change in several of the components of PM2.5 was associated with a 3-5% increase in daily mortality among non-high school graduates.Conclusion: There is evidence that several PM2.5 constituents may represent important contributors to cardiovascular mortality. Many of these constituents are generated by motor vehicles, especially those with diesel engines, and by residential wood combustion. In addition, factors associated with low educational attainment may increase susceptibility to PM2.5 and its components.