Quantifying home range habitat requirements for bobcats (Lynx rufus) in Vermont, USA
Quantifying home range habitat requirements for bobcats (Lynx rufus) in Vermont, USA
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2011.06.026
复制
发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Mickey, Ruth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Donovan, Therese M.;Freeman, Mark;Mickey, Ruth
我们展示了如何家庭范围和栖息地利用分析可以告知山猫，山猫，在美国佛蒙特州的规模保护规划。从2005年到2008年，我们配备了14个山猫与GPS项圈，收集空间明确的位置，从个人每4小时3-4个月。核心家庭范围技术被用来估计家庭范围的大小和边界，并量化的利用分布（UD），这是一个空间上明确的，地形图的家庭范围内的不同地区是如何使用。然后，我们使用GIS方法来量化生物（如栖息地类型，流密度）和非生物（如斜坡）资源在每个山猫的家范围内。在山猫中，上20个UD山谷（核心地区）的农业减少了18%，开发减少了42%，山猫栖息地（灌木，落叶，针叶林和湿地覆盖类型）增加了26%，道路密度比下UD山谷（UD山谷）低33%。对于每只山猫，我们使用赤池的信息准则（AIC）来评估和比较24个替代资源利用函数（假设），可以解释个人的UD的拓扑结构。一个模型平均人口水平的资源利用函数建议积极响应灌木，落叶，针叶林，湿地覆盖类型1公里内的位置，和负响应道路和混合森林覆盖类型1公里内的位置。将该模型平均函数应用于研究区域的每个像素，揭示了整个研究区域山猫的栖息地适宜性，适宜性得分范围在-1.69至1.44之间，其中较高的值被认为代表较高质量的栖息地。尚普兰河谷南部湿地和灌木生境丰富，是高度适宜生境的集中区，而海拔较高的地区则不太适宜。平均而言，雌性山猫的家域的平均栖息地适宜性得分接近0，表明家域由有益和有害的栖息地类型组成。我们讨论了栖息地适宜性制图和家域要求的山猫保护和景观尺度管理的应用。爱思唯尔有限公司出版
We demonstrate how home range and habitat use analysis can inform landscape-scale conservation planning for the bobcat, Lynx rufus, in Vermont USA. From 2005 to 2008, we outfitted fourteen bobcats with GPS collars that collected spatially explicit locations from individuals every 4 h for 3-4 months. Kernel home range techniques were used to estimate home range size and boundaries, and to quantify the utilization distribution (UD), which is a spatially explicit, topographic mapping of how different areas within the home range are used. We then used GIS methods to quantify both biotic (e.g. habitat types, stream density) and abiotic (e.g. slope) resources within each bobcat's home range. Across bobcats, upper 20th UD percentiles (core areas) had 18% less agriculture, 42% less development, 26% more bobcat habitat (shrub, deciduous, coniferous forest, and wetland cover types), and 33% lower road density than lower UD percentiles (UD valleys). For each bobcat, we used Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to evaluate and compare 24 alternative Resource Utilization Functions (hypotheses) that could explain the topology of the individual's UD. A model-averaged population-level Resource Utilization Function suggested positive responses to shrub, deciduous, coniferous forest, and wetland cover types within 1 km of a location, and negative responses to roads and mixed forest cover types within 1 km of a location. Applying this model-averaged function to each pixel in the study area revealed habitat suitability for bobcats across the entire study area, with suitability scores ranging between -1.69 and 1.44, where higher values were assumed to represent higher quality habitat. The southern Champlain Valley, which contained ample wetland and shrub habitat, was a concentrated area of highly suitable habitat, while areas at higher elevation areas were less suitable. Female bobcat home ranges, on average, had an average habitat suitability score of near 0, indicating that home ranges consisted of both beneficial and detrimental habitat types. We discuss the application of habitat suitability mapping and home range requirements for bobcat conservation and landscape scale management. Published by Elsevier Ltd.