Jujube metabolome selection determined the edible properties acquired during domestication
Jujube metabolome selection determined the edible properties acquired during domestication
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DOI：
10.1111/tpj.15617
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发表时间：
2022-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Li, Xingang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang, Zhong;Shi, Qianqian;Li, Xingang
植物提供食物和药用化合物，这些化合物归因于植物产生的多种代谢物。然而，对多年生果树中驯化驱动的代谢组和生物活性分子遗传基础变化的研究普遍缺乏。在这里，我们进行了多维分析，揭示了涉及枣树（Ziziphus jujuba Mill.）基因组和代谢组选择的单一驯化事件。驯化基因的基因组选择在代谢途径中高度丰富，包括碳水化合物和专门的代谢。驯化代谢组分析表明，由于定向选择，187 种代谢物表现出显着差异。在驯化过程中直接选择苹果酸，同时选择包括三萜在内的特殊代谢物，从而产生可食用特性。环肽生物碱（CPA）专门针对干品种和新鲜品种之间的差异。我们确定了 986 种代谢物的 1080 个显着相关位点。其中，在六个主要位点直接选择了 15 个三萜，从而鉴定出包含七个 2,3-氧化角鲨烯环化酶 (OSC) 的同源簇。发现 OSC 基因有助于驯化过程中三萜含量的减少。通过代谢组和转录组的整合，剖析了合成熊果酸的完整途径。此外，还鉴定了一种 N-甲基转移酶，该酶参与 CPA 的生物合成并负责品种间含量的变化。本研究促进了我们对果树驯化后整体代谢组选择过程的理解，并促进了专门代谢物的遗传操作以增强其可食用性状。
Plants supply both food and medicinal compounds, which are ascribed to diverse metabolites produced by plants. However, studies on domestication-driven changes in the metabolome and genetic basis of bioactive molecules in perennial fruit trees are generally lacking. Here, we conducted multidimensional analyses revealing a singular domestication event involving the genomic and metabolomic selection of jujube trees (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). The genomic selection for domesticated genes was highly enriched in metabolic pathways, including carbohydrates and specialized metabolism. Domesticated metabolome profiling indicated that 187 metabolites exhibited significant divergence as a result of directional selection. Malic acid was directly selected during domestication, and the simultaneous selection of specialized metabolites, including triterpenes, consequently lead to edible properties. Cyclopeptide alkaloids (CPAs) were specifically targeted for the divergence between dry and fresh cultivars. We identified 1080 significantly associated loci for 986 metabolites. Among them, 15 triterpenes were directly selected at six major loci, allowing the identification of a homologous cluster containing seven 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs). An OSC gene was found to contribute to the reduction in the content of triterpenes during domestication. The complete pathway for synthesizing ursolic acid was dissected by integration of the metabolome and transcriptome. Additionally, an N-methyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of CPA and responsible for inter-cultivar content variation was identified. The present study promotes our understanding of the selection process of the global metabolome subsequent to fruit tree domestication and facilitates the genetic manipulation of specialized metabolites to enhance their edible traits.